a/ L'Hospital:

 \(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{x-\left(x+2\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}}{\left(4x+1\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}-3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow2}\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+2\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(4x+1\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.4}=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{2}.4^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}{2.9^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}=\dfrac{9}{8}\)

b/ L'Hospital:\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\left(2x+7\right)^{\dfrac{1}{2}}+x-4}{x^3-4x^2+3}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2x+7\right)^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}.2+1}{3x^2-8x}=\dfrac{9^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}+1}{3-8}=-\dfrac{4}{15}\)

Kiểm tra lại đề bài, giới hạn này không tồn tại

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2x-\dfrac{1}{2}.x^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}{\dfrac{1}{2}.x^{-\dfrac{1}{2}}}=\dfrac{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=3\)

Chúng ta tính giới hạn sau:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\)

Cách đơn giản nhất là sử dụng L'Hopital:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-x^{\dfrac{1}{n}}}{1-x}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{-\dfrac{1}{n}x^{\dfrac{1}{n}-1}}{-1}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)

Phức tạp hơn thì tách mẫu theo hằng đẳng thức

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[x]{n}}{\left(1-\sqrt[n]{x}\right)\left(1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt[n]{x}+\sqrt[n]{x^2}+...+\sqrt[n]{x^{n-1}}}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)

Tóm lại ta có:

\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}=\dfrac{1}{n}\)

Do đó:

\(I_1=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[2]{x}}{1-x}\right)\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[3]{x}}{1-x}\right)...\left(\dfrac{1-\sqrt[n]{x}}{1-x}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{1}{3}...\dfrac{1}{n}=\dfrac{1}{n!}\)

Câu 2 cũng vậy: L'Hopital hoặc tách hằng đẳng thức trâu bò (thôi L'Hopital đi cho đỡ sợ)

\(I_2=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^n-\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^n}{x}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow0}\dfrac{n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+1\right)-n\left(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x\right)^{n-1}\left(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}-1\right)}{1}\)

\(=\dfrac{n.1-n\left(-1\right)}{1}=2n\)

Lời giải:
\(L=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\frac{\sqrt{2x-1}(\sqrt[3]{x+7}-2)+2(\sqrt{2x-1}-1)}{x(x-1)}=\lim\limits_{x\to 1}\frac{\sqrt{2x-1}.\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{(x+7)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}+4.\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}}{x}=\frac{25}{12}\)

a: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x+7}-\sqrt{5-x^2}}{x-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\sqrt[3]{x+7}-2+2-\sqrt{5-x^2}}{x-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{x+7-8}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}+\dfrac{4-5+x^2}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}}{x-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\dfrac{x-1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}+\dfrac{x^2-1}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}}{x-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)}+4}+\dfrac{x+1}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}\right)}{x-1}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(x+7\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{x+7}+4}+\dfrac{x+1}{2+\sqrt{5-x^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+7\right)^2}+2\cdot\sqrt[3]{1+7}+4}+\dfrac{1+1}{2+\sqrt{5-1^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4+2\cdot2+4}+\dfrac{2}{2+2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{7}{12}\)

b: \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{x-5}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{5}}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{5}\right)}{\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{5}}\)

\(=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow5}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{5}=\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{5}=2\sqrt{5}\)

a) \(lim\dfrac{-2n+1}{n}=lim\dfrac{\dfrac{-2n}{n}+\dfrac{1}{n}}{\dfrac{n}{n}}=lim\dfrac{-2+\dfrac{1}{n}}{1}=\dfrac{lim\left(-2\right)+\dfrac{lim1}{n}}{lim1}=\dfrac{-2+0}{1}=-\dfrac{2}{1}=-2\)

b) \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{3-\sqrt{x+8}}{x-1}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{9-\left(x+8\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(3+\sqrt{x+8}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(3+\sqrt{x+8}\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{1}{3+\sqrt{x+8}}=\dfrac{1}{3+\sqrt{1+8}}=\dfrac{1}{3+3}=\dfrac{1}{9}\)

\(\left(...\right)=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2\left(x-1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2x+7}+3\right)}=\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow1}\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{2x+7}+3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)