Phương Ann Nhã Doanh đề bài khó wá Mashiro Shiina Đinh Đức Hùng

Nguyễn Huy Tú Lightning Farron Akai Haruma

Ta thấy \(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\ge\dfrac{x^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\).

Mà đẳng thức xảy ra nên ta phải có x = y = z = 0 (Do \(a^2,b^2,c^2>0\)).

Thay vào đẳng thức cần cm ta có đpcm.

Ta có:

\(b^2=ac\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\left(1\right)\)

\(c^2=bd\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2), suy ra: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{d}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)(đpcm)

~ Học tốt!~

1) Đặt \(B=x^2+y^2+z^2\)

\(C=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)

Ta có: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2\)

Suy ra: \(C=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{B}{C}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

2) \(x^2-2y^2=xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy-2y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy-2xy-2y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)-2y\left(x+y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+y\right)=0\)

Do \(x+y\ne0\) nên \(x-2y=0\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)

Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\dfrac{y}{3y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

3) Từ giả thiết, ta suy ra

\(\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)

Bạn chịu khó tự biến đổi, ta được

\(\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\Leftrightarrow ay=bx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\az-cx=0\Leftrightarrow az=cx\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\bz-cy=0\Leftrightarrow bz=cy\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy ta suy ra đpcm

P/S: Đây là BĐT Bunyakovsky với 3 số

+) \(\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{y}+\dfrac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz}{xyz}+\dfrac{bxz}{xyz}+\dfrac{cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

+) \(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{a}+\dfrac{y}{b}+\dfrac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\dfrac{xy}{ab}+2\dfrac{xz}{ac}+2\dfrac{yz}{bc}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{ab}+\dfrac{xz}{ac}+\dfrac{yz}{bc}\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{cxy}{abc}+\dfrac{bxz}{abc}+\dfrac{ayz}{abc}\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abc}\right)=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=1\)

Giả sử điều cần c/m là đúng . Khi đó , ta có :

\(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2a^2+y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+y^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2+z^2c^2\)

\(=x^2a^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2=2axby+2bycz+2axcz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y^2a^2+z^2a^2+x^2b^2+z^2b^2+x^2c^2+y^2c^2-2axby-2bycz-2axcz=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2a^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)+\left(x^2c^2-2axcz+a^2z^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2=0\left(1\right)\)

Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0\\\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\\\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2+\left(cx-az\right)^2\ge0\left(2\right)\)

Từ ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\bz-cy=0\\cx-az=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\bz=cy\\cx=az\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\)

Điều này đúng với GT đề bài cho

\(\Rightarrow\) Điều cần c/m là đúng

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\b\ne0\\c\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)Ta có: \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\cdot\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=x^2+\dfrac{x^2\cdot\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2}+y^2+\dfrac{y^2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{b^2}+z^2+\dfrac{z^2\cdot\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\cdot\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+y^2\cdot\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2}+z^2\cdot\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2}=0\)(1)

Vì (1) luôn không âm mà a,b,c≠0

nên x=y=z=0

⇒\(\dfrac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\dfrac{0^{2019}+0^{2019}+0^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=0\)

mà \(\dfrac{x^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{y^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{z^{2019}}{c^{2019}}=\dfrac{0^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{0^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{0^{2019}}{c^{2019}}=0\)

nên \(\dfrac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\dfrac{x^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{y^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{z^{2019}}{c^{2019}}\)