a) sai đề

b) để ý rằng :Theo AM-GM

\(VT=\dfrac{a+b}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\dfrac{b+c}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\dfrac{c+a}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}+\dfrac{8abc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\ge4\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c.

P/s: Min ra xấp xỉ \(14,4809\)( wolframalpha.com)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{\left(c+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{a^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{d^3}\)(1)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\) đpcm

Theo đề đã cho, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{\left(c+d\right)^3}\)(1)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{\left(c+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}\)(đpcm)

Đặt:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^3}{\left(c+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(bk+b\right)^3}{\left(dk+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left[b\left(k+1\right)\right]^3}{\left[d\left(k+1\right)\right]^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{d^3}\\\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\dfrac{bk^3+b^3}{dk^3+d^3}=\dfrac{b^3\left(k^3+1\right)}{d^3\left(k^3+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^3}{d^3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\)=\(\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}\)=\(\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}\)=\(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(b+c+d\right)}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\)=

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Câu hỏi của Ngô Thu Hiền - Toán lớp 7 | Học trực tuyến

Bài 1:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Bài 2:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.

Bài 3:

a) Sửa điều kiện: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\neq -1\)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Theo đkđb thì \(k\neq -1\) nên \(k^3+1\neq 0\); \(k+1\neq 0\)

Ta có: \(\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{(bk)^3+b^3}{(dk)^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3(k^3+1)}{d^3(k^3+1)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\)

\(\frac{(a+b)^3}{(c+d)^3}=\frac{(bk+b)^3}{(dk+d)^3}=\frac{b^3(k+1)^3}{d^3(k+1)^3}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{(a+b)^3}{(c+d)^3}\) (đpcm)

b)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=k; \frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dt\)

Ta cần cm \(k=t\)

Khi đó:

\(\frac{2a+13b}{3a-7b}=\frac{2bk+13b}{3bk-7b}=\frac{b(2k+13)}{b(3k-7)}=\frac{2k+13}{3k-7}\)

\(\frac{2c+13d}{3c-7d}=\frac{2dt+13d}{3dt-7d}=\frac{d(2t+13)}{d(3t-7)}=\frac{2t+13}{3t-7}\)

Vì \(\frac{2a+13b}{3a-7b}=\frac{2c+13d}{3c-7d}\Rightarrow \frac{2k+13}{3k-7}=\frac{2t+13}{3t-7}\)

\(\Rightarrow (2k+13)(3t-7)=(2t+13)(3k-7)\)

\(-14k+39t=-14t+39k\Rightarrow k=t\)

Ta có đpcm.

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ đó, ta được:\(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(bk+dk\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left[k\left(b+d\right)\right]^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{k^3.\left(b+d\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=k^3\left(1\right)\) \(\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(bk-dk\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left[k\left(b-d\right)\right]^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=\dfrac{k^3.\left(b-d\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}=k^3\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^3}{\left(b+d\right)^3}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^3}{\left(b-d\right)^3}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) chứng minh \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}\left(1\right)\)

mà cần chứng minh: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)

từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\Rightarrow a^3.d=b^3.a\)

                                        \(\Rightarrow a^2.d=b^3\)

vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\Rightarrow a.c=b^2\)

                \(\Rightarrow a.b.c=b.c\left(3\right)\)

    \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow a.d=b.c\left(4\right)\)

từ \(\left(3\right)\) và \(\left(4\right)\) \(\Rightarrow a.a.d=b^3\)

                     \(\Rightarrow a^2.d=b^3\left(đpcm\right)\)

vậy \(\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

Giả sử đpcm là đúng , khi đó , ta có :

\(\left|\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)< 1\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\frac{a-c}{b}+\frac{b-a}{c}+\frac{c-b}{a}\right|< 1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\frac{\left(a-c\right)ac+\left(b-a\right)ab+\left(c-b\right)bc}{abc}\right|< 1\)

Lại có : \(\left(a-c\right)ac+\left(b-a\right)ab+\left(c-b\right)bc\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)ac-\left(a-c+c-b\right)ab+\left(c-b\right)bc\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)\left(ac-ab\right)-\left(c-b\right)\left(ab-bc\right)\)

\(=a\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)-b\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\)

\(=\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\frac{\left(a-c\right)\left(c-b\right)\left(a-b\right)}{abc}\right|< 1\) ( 1 )

Mặt khác : a ; b ; c là 3 cạnh tam giác

=> \(\frac{\left|a-c\right|}{b}< 1;\frac{\left|b-a\right|}{c}< 1;\frac{\left|c-b\right|}{a}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left|\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)\left(c-b\right)\right|}{abc}< 1\) ( 2 )

Biểu thức trong giá trị tuyệt đối của ( 1 ) ; ( 2 ) đối nhau

=> từ ( 2 ) => (1)

=> Điều giả sử là đúng

=> ĐPCM

Từ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)

Có \(\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(dpcm\right)\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) \(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{c}{d}\right)^3=\dfrac{abc}{bcd}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\) (1)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{b^3}{c^3}=\dfrac{c^3}{d^3}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{b^3+c^3+d^3}=\dfrac{a}{d}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{d}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{\left(b+c+d\right)^3}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy .................

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