Bài 4:

a) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=2\)

Vậy: \(x=2\)

b) \(-\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{2}{x}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{-5.2}{1}=-10\)

Vậy: \(x=-10\)

c) \(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{5}{x}\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=25\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(x\in\left\{5;-5\right\}\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{2}{4}\\ =>x=\dfrac{2.2}{4}=1\)

\(\dfrac{-1}{5}=\dfrac{2}{x}\\ =>x=\dfrac{2.5}{-1}=-10\)

\(\dfrac{x}{5}=\dfrac{5}{x}\\ =>x^2=25\\ x=5;x=-5\)

a) 2

b) 5,-5

`|2x+1|-3=x+4`

`<=>|2x+1|=x+4+3=x+7(x>=-7)`

`**2x+1=x+7`

`<=>x=7-1=6(tm)`

`**2x+1=-x-7`

`<=>3x=-6`

`<=>x=-2(tm)`

`|3x-5|=1-3x(x<=1/3)`

`**3x-5=1-3x`

`<=>6x=6`

`<=>x=1(l)`

`**3x-5=3x-1`

`<=>-5=-1` vô lý

`|2x+2|+|x-1|=10`

Nếu `x>=1`

`pt<=>2x+2+x-1=10`

`<=>3x+1=10`

`<=>3x=9`

`<=>x=3(tm)`

Nếu `x<=-1`

`pt<=>-2x-2+1-x=10`

`<=>-1-3x=10`

`<=>-11=3x`

`<=>x=-11/3(tm)`

Nếu `-1<=x<=1`

`pt<=>2x+2+1-x=10`

`<=>x+3=10`

`<=>x=7(l)`

Vậy `S={3,-11/3}`

d) 

+) Với \(x< -4\), PT \(\Rightarrow3-x-x-4-2x-6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{17}{4}\)  (Nhận)

+) Với \(-4\le x\le-3\), PT \(\Rightarrow3-x+x+4-2x-6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{9}{2}\) (Loại)

+) Với \(-3< x\le3\), PT \(\Rightarrow3-x+x+4+2x+6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Nhận)

+) Với \(x>3\), PT \(\Rightarrow x+3+x+4+2x+6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\) (Loại)

  Vậy \(x\in\left\{-\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{17}{4}\right\}\) 

a,-4/7=x/21
-12/21 = x/21
x= -12 

b,(x-3)/15=1/-5
x - 3 = -1/5 * 15
x - 3 = -3
x = 0

c,.(3x+8)/-12=-5/30
=> 3x + 8 = 2
=> 3x=-6
=>x=-2

\(a,\left(2x-5\right)+17=6\\ \Rightarrow2x-5=-11\\ \Rightarrow2x=-6\\ \Rightarrow x=-3\\ b,10-2\left(4-3x\right)=-4\\ \Rightarrow2\left(4-3x\right)=14\\ \Rightarrow4-3x=7\\ \Rightarrow3x=-3\\ \Rightarrow x=-1\\ c,24:\left(3x-2\right)=-3\\ \Rightarrow3x-2=-8\\ \Rightarrow3x=-6\\ \Rightarrow x=-2\\ d,5-2x=-17+12\\ \Rightarrow5-2x=-5\\ \Rightarrow2x=10\\ \Rightarrow x=5\)

a: =>2x-5=-11

=>2x=-6

hay x=-3

b: =>2(4-3x)=14

=>4-3x=7

=>3x=-3

hay x=-1

c: =>3x-2=-8

=>3x=-6

hay x=-2

a) 2x-5+17=6

2x+12=6

2x=12-6

2x=6

x=6:2

x-3

b) 10-8+6x=-4

2+6x=-4

6x=-4-2

6x=-6

x=(-6):6

x=-1

c) 3x-2=24:(-3)

3x-2=-8

3x=-8+2

3x=-6

x=-6:3

x=-2

d) 5-2x=-5

-2x=-5-5

-2x=-10

x=-10:(-2)

x=5

Bài 10:

a: 2x-3 là bội của x+1

=>\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

=>\(2x+2-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

b: x-2 là ước của 3x-2

=>\(3x-2⋮x-2\)

=>\(3x-6+4⋮x-2\)

=>\(4⋮x-2\)

=>\(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

Bài 14:

a: \(4n-5⋮2n-1\)

=>\(4n-2-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(2n-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(2n\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{1;0;2;-1\right\}\)

mà n>=0

nên \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

b: \(n^2+3n+1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

mà n là số tự nhiên

nên n=0

Bài 16:

a: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=15\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot15=15\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-15\right)=\left(-15\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=3\cdot5=5\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+5;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;15\right);\left(15;1\right);\left(-1;-15\right);\left(-15;-1\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(5;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-5;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-4;18\right);\left(10;4\right);\left(-6;-12\right);\left(-20;2\right);\left(-2;8\right);\left(0;6\right);\left(-8;-2\right);\left(-10;0\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;4\right);\left(0;6\right)\right\}\)

b: x là số tự nhiên

=>2x-1 lẻ và 2x-1>=-1

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+2\right)=24\)

mà 2x-1>=-1 và 2x-1 lẻ

nên \(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-24\right)=1\cdot24=3\cdot8\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y+2\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-24\right);\left(1;24\right);\left(3;8\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(2x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(2;22\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

c:

x,y là các số tự nhiên

=>x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

xy+2x+3y=0

=>\(xy+2x+3y+6=6\)

=>\(x\left(y+2\right)+3\left(y+2\right)=6\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(y+2\right)=6\)

mà x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

nên \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=3\cdot2\)

=>x=0 và y=0

d: xy+x+y=30

=>\(xy+x+y+1=31\)

=>\(x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=31\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=31\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y+1\right)=1\cdot31=31\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-31\right)=\left(-31\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;31\right);\left(31;1\right);\left(-1;-31\right);\left(-31;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right);\left(-2;-32\right);\left(-32;-2\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right)\right\}\)

\(|-2x+1,5|=\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow-2x+1,5=\pm\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(-2x+1,5=\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow-2x=1,5-0,25\Rightarrow-2x=1,25\Rightarrow x=1,25:\left(-2\right)\Rightarrow x=...\)

\(-2x+1,5=-\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow-2x=-0,25-1,5\Rightarrow-2x=1,75\Rightarrow x=1,75:\left(-2\right)\Rightarrow x=...\)

\(\dfrac{3}{2}-|1.\dfrac{1}{4}+3x|=\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow|1.\dfrac{1}{4}+3x|=\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow|1.\dfrac{1}{4}+3x|=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow1.\dfrac{1}{4}+3x=\pm\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(1.\dfrac{1}{4}+3x=\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}+3x=\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow3x=\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow3x=1\Rightarrow x=3\)

\(1.\dfrac{1}{4}+3x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}+3x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\Rightarrow3x=-\dfrac{5}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow3x=-\dfrac{3}{2}x=...\)

a: ta có: \(\left|-2x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-2x+\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\-2x+\dfrac{3}{2}=-\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-2x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\\-2x=-\dfrac{7}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{8}\\x=\dfrac{7}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{2}-\left|\dfrac{5}{4}+3x\right|=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right|=\dfrac{5}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x+\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{5}{4}\\3x+\dfrac{5}{4}=-\dfrac{5}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=0\\3x=-\dfrac{5}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, 0
b, -12
c, 0

a) 

\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y-2\right)=5\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+1\right),\left(y-2\right)\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(0;7\right),\left(-2;-3\right),\left(4;3\right),\left(-6;1\right)\)

b) 

\(\left(x-5\right)\left(y+4\right)=-7\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-5\right),\left(y+4\right)\inƯ\left(-7\right)=\left\{1;-1;7;-7\right\}\)

Ta có bảng:

Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(6;-11\right),\left(4;3\right),\left(12;-5\right),\left(-2;-3\right)\)

e) 

\(x-\left(17-8\right)=5+\left(10-3x\right)\\ \Rightarrow x-9=5+10-3x\\ \Rightarrow x+3x=5+10+9\\ \Rightarrow4x=24\\ \Rightarrow x=\dfrac{24}{4}=6\)

Vậy \(x=6\)

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