\(1,\text{Áp dụng Mincopxki: }\\ Q\ge\sqrt{\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{2^2+2^2}=\sqrt{8}=2\sqrt{2}\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(2,\text{Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz: }\\ P\ge\dfrac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}=\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{9}{1}=9\\ \text{Dấu }"="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có kết quả tổng quát hơn như sau:

Cho $a,b,c \neq 0$ thỏa mãn $\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0.$

Chứng minh rằng $$S={\frac {k{a}^{2}-k-1}{{a}^{2}+2\,bc}}+{\frac {{b}^{2}k-k-1}{2\,ac+{b}^{2}}}+{\frac {{c}^{2}k-k-1}{2\,ab+{c}^{2}}}=k$$

Đầu tiên ta cm:\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\ge\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}\)(tự cm)

Áp dụng:\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+2bc}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+2ac}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+2ab}\ge\dfrac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}\)

Lại có:\(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca=\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{9}{a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca}\ge\dfrac{9}{1}=9\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Lời giải:

Ta có:
\(\text{VT}=1-\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+1-\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+1-\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\)

\(\text{VT}=3-\underbrace{\left( \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\right)}_{N}\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:

\(2ab^2+1=ab^2+ab^2+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}\leq \frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\)

Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế, suy ra :

\(N\leq \frac{2}{3}(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}+\sqrt[3]{bc^2}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2})\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\leq \frac{a+b+b}{3}\); \(\sqrt[3]{bc^2}\leq \frac{b+c+c}{3}; \sqrt[3]{ca^2}\leq \frac{c+a+a}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)=2\) (2)

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 1\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Áp dụng BĐT B.C.S ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{2ab^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2bc^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{2ca^2+1}\ge\dfrac{9}{2ab^2+2bc^2+2ca^2+3}\)

Ta phải chứng minh \(\dfrac{9}{2ab^2+2bc^2+2ca^2+3}\ge1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2ab^2+2bc^2+2ac^2+3\le9\) do a,b,c dương nên chia cả hai vế cho abc ta được: \(2\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{abc}\le\dfrac{9}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6\le\dfrac{6}{abc}\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\) Bất đẳng thức cuối luôn đúng thật vậy:

áp dụng BĐT AM - GM :

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\Leftrightarrow abc\le1\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Ta có:

\(\text{VT}=1-\frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+1-\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+1-\frac{2ca^2}{2ca^2+1}\)

\(\text{VT}=3-\underbrace{\left( \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}+\frac{2bc^2}{2bc^2+1}+\frac{2ca^2} {2ca^2+1}\right)}_{N}\) (1)

Áp dụng BĐT Am-Gm:

\(2ab^2+1=ab^2+ab^2+1\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2ab^2}{2ab^2+1}\leq \frac{2ab^2}{3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^4}}=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\)

Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế, suy ra :

\(N\leq \frac{2}{3}(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}+\sqrt[3]{bc^2}+\sqrt[3]{ca^2})\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt[3]{ab^2}\leq \frac{a+b+b}{3}\); \(\sqrt[3]{bc^2}\leq \frac{b+c+c}{3}; \sqrt[3]{ca^2}\leq \frac{c+a+a}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{a+b+b}{3}+\frac{b+c+c}{3}+\frac{c+a+a}{3}\right)\) (2)

Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 1\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

P=^{_{\(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+\left(b+c\right)^2\right)\left(1+1\right)}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.b}{\sqrt{\left(b^2+\left(a+c\right)^2\right)\left(1+1\right)}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.c}{\sqrt{\left(c^2+\left(b+a\right)^2\right)\left(1+1\right)}}\)}}>=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.b}{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}.c}{\sqrt{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}\)>=\(\sqrt{2}\)

nhầm dấu tí là dấu lớn hơn bằng còn cách lm thì đúng nhé 

nhầm dấu nhỏ hơn bằng 

Theo giả thiết: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\) ab+bc+ca = 0 \(\Rightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ab=-ac-bc\\bc=-ab-ac\\ac=-bc-ab\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét \(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+2bc}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+bc-ab-ac}\) = \(\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(a-c\right)-b\left(a-c\right)}\)

= \(\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)

CMTT \(\dfrac{b^2}{b^2+2ac}\) = \(\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{c^2+2ab}\) = \(\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) p = \(\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{b^2}{\left(b-a\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{c^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)

= \(\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)-b^2\left(a-c\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}\) = 1