\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}\right)=\left(n+1\right)\left(a_{n+1}-a_n\right)+3n\left(n+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}+3\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}=b_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=-6\\b_{n+1}=b_n+3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b_n\) là cấp số cộng với công sai 3

\(\Rightarrow b_n=b_1+\left(n-1\right)d=-6+3\left(n-1\right)=3n-9\)

\(\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n\left(3n-9\right)=3n^2-9n\)

\(\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)^3+6\left(n+1\right)^2-5\left(n+1\right)=a_n-n^3+6n^2-5n\)

Đặt \(a_n-n^3+6n^2-5n=c_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=6-1+6-5=6\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=6\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=n^3-6n^2+5n+6\)

Do \(\left(a_1-a_2\right)+\left(a_2-a_3\right)+...+\left(a_{10}-a_1\right)=0\) là 1 số chẵn

\(\Rightarrow\left|a_1-a_2\right|+\left|a_2-a_3\right|+...+\left|a_{10}-a_1\right|\) là một số chẵn

Mà \(2015\) lẻ \(\Rightarrow\) không tồn tại bộ số nguyên nào thỏa mãn phương trình

áp dụng t.c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\frac{a1}{a2}=\frac{a2}{a3}=\frac{a3}{a4}=.....=\frac{an}{an+1}=\frac{a1+a2+a3+....+an}{a2+a3+a4+...+an+1}\)

\(\frac{a1}{a2}\cdot\frac{a2}{a3}\cdot\frac{a3}{a4}\cdot...\cdot\frac{an}{an+1}=\frac{a1}{an+1}=\left(\frac{a1}{a2}\right)^n=\left(\frac{a1+a2+a3+....+an}{a2+a3+a4+...+an+1}\right)^n\)(vì từ 1 đến n có n chữ số)

=> đpcm

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow na_{n+2}-na_{n+1}=2\left(n+1\right)a_{n+1}-2\left(n+1\right)a_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}}{n+1}=2.\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\)

Đặt \(b_n=\dfrac{a_{n+1}-a_n}{n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b_1=\dfrac{a_2-a_1}{1}=1\\b_{n+1}=2b_n\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow b_n=2^{n-1}\Rightarrow a_{n+1}-a_n=n.2^{n-1}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a_{n+1}-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}\left(n+1\right)-1\right]2^{n+1}=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\)

Đặt \(c_n=a_n-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c_1=a_1-\left[\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right]2^1=2\\c_{n+1}=c_n=...=c_1=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=\left[\dfrac{1}{2}n-1\right]2^n+2=\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2\)

b.

Câu b này đề sai

Với \(n=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}=0< \dfrac{1\left(1+1\right)}{2}\)

Với \(n=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}=0+1< \dfrac{2\left(2+1\right)}{2}\)

Có lẽ đề đúng phải là: \(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh: \(\sqrt{a_n-1}\ge n-1\) ; \(\forall n\in Z^+\)

Hay: \(\sqrt{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+1}\ge n-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2n\ge n^2\)

- Với \(n=1\Rightarrow-1+2\ge1^2\) (đúng)

- Với \(n=2\Rightarrow0+4\ge2^2\) (đúng)

- Giả sử BĐT đúng với \(n=k\ge2\) hay \(\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2k\ge k^2\)

Ta cần chứng minh: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+2\left(k+1\right)\ge\left(k+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(k-1\right)2^k+1\ge k^2\)

Thật vậy: \(\left(k-1\right)2^k+1=2\left(k-2\right)2^{k-1}+2^k+1\ge2k^2-4k+2^k+1\)

\(\ge2k^2-4k+5=k^2+\left(k-2\right)^2+1>k^2\) (đpcm)

Do đó:

\(\sqrt{a_1-1}+\sqrt{a_2-1}+...+\sqrt{a_n-1}>0+1+...+n-1=\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)}{2}\)

c.

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{\left(n-2\right)2^{n-1}+2}{3^n}=\dfrac{n}{2\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+\dfrac{2}{3^n}\)

Đặt \(S_n=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{a_n}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}-\sum\limits^n_{j=1}\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+2\sum\limits^n_{k=1}\dfrac{1}{3^n}=\dfrac{1}{2}S'-2+2\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n+1-\dfrac{1}{3^n}\)

Xét \(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(S'=\sum\limits^n_{i=1}\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{2}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^3}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}\)

\(\dfrac{3}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{2}{\dfrac{3}{2}}+\dfrac{3}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}S'=1+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^{n-1}}-\dfrac{n}{\left(\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^n}=\dfrac{1-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n}{1-\dfrac{2}{3}}=3-3\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=2-\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n-\dfrac{1}{3^n}-n\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^n\)

\(\Rightarrow\lim\left(S_n\right)=2\)

Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nha, ta có :

\(\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}=.....=\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+....+a_{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+....+a_{n+1}}\)

\(\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+.....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+.....+a_{n+1}}\)

.................................

\(\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}=\dfrac{a_1+a_2+.....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+.....+a_{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+.....+a_n}{a_2+a_3+.....+a_{n+1}}\right)^n=\dfrac{a_1}{a_2}.\dfrac{a_2}{a_3}........\dfrac{a_n}{a_{n+1}}\)

Vậy \(\left(\dfrac{a_1+a_2+......+a_n}{a_2+a_3+......+a_{n+1}}\right)=\dfrac{a_1}{a_{n+1}}\) (đpcm)

~ Học tốt ~

a/ \(u_6=u_1+5d=8\Rightarrow u_1=8-5d\)

\(u_2=u_1+d;u_4=u_1+3d\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_2=8-5d+d=8-4d\\u_4=8-5d+3d=8-2d\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(8-4d\right)^2+\left(8-2d\right)^2=16\Rightarrow...\)

b/ Câu này làm theo ý hiểu thôi, ko chắc đâu

\(Xet-S_n:\)

\(u_1=u_1\)

\(u_2=u_1+d\)

\(u_3=u_1+2d\)

......

\(u_n=u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(\Rightarrow S_n=u_1+u_2+...+u_n=u_1+u_1+d+...+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=n.u_1+d+2d+....+\left(n-1\right)d\)

\(=n.u_1+\left(1+2+...+\left(n-1\right)\right)d=n.u_1+\dfrac{d\left(n-1\right).n}{2}=\dfrac{n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]}{2}\)

Tương tụ với S(2n)

\(S_{2n}=u_1+u_2+...+u_{2n}=u_1+u_1+d+....+u_1+\left(2n-1\right)d\)

\(=2n.u_1+d+2d+...+\left(2n-1\right)d=2n.u_1+\left(1+2+...+\left(2n-1\right)\right)d=2n.u_1+d.n\left(2n-2\right)=2n\left(u_1+\left(n-1\right).d\right)\)

\(4S_n=S_{2n}\Leftrightarrow4.\dfrac{n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]}{2}=2n\left(u_1+\left(n-1\right).d\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=2n\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\)\(\Leftrightarrow2u_1=u_1\Rightarrow u_1=0\)

\(u_5=u_1+4d=18\Rightarrow d=\dfrac{18}{4}=4,5\)

Ok check lại số má hộ tui nhó

Bạn tham khảo tại đây nhé: Câu hỏi của Vương Hàn.

Chúc bạn học tốt!

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