Chứng minh:
\(b^2-4ac\)=\(\left(\dfrac{-b}{a}\right)^2\)\(-\dfrac{4c}{a}\)
Source of Question: Câu hỏi của Hiếu Cao Huy - Toán lớp 9 | Học trực tuyến
Xét pt (1): \(\Delta=b^2-4ac\)
\(x_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}\); \(x_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}\)
Xét pt (2) : \(\Delta=b^2-4ac\)
\(y_1=\dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2c}\) ; \(y_2=\dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2c}\)
Thay vào M:
\(M=\dfrac{\left(-b+\sqrt{\Delta}\right)^2}{4a^2}+\dfrac{\left(-b-\sqrt{\Delta}\right)^2}{4a^2}+\dfrac{\left(-b+\sqrt{\Delta}\right)^2}{4c^2}+\dfrac{\left(-b-\sqrt{\Delta}\right)^2}{4c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2-2b\sqrt{\Delta}+\Delta}{4a^2}+\dfrac{b^2+2b\sqrt{\Delta}+\Delta}{4a^2}+\dfrac{b^2-2b\sqrt{\Delta}+\Delta}{4c^2}+\dfrac{b^2+2b\sqrt{\Delta}+\Delta}{4c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2b^2+2\Delta}{4a^2}+\dfrac{2b^2+2\Delta}{4c^2}=\dfrac{b^2+\Delta}{2a^2}+\dfrac{b^2+\Delta}{2c^2}=\dfrac{b^2c^2+\Delta c^2}{2a^2c^2}+\dfrac{a^2b^2+\Delta a^2}{2a^2c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{b^2\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\Delta\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2a^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b^2+\Delta\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2a^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b^2+b^2-4ac\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2a^2c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2b^2-4ac\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{2a^2c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b^2-2ac\right)\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{a^2c^2}=\dfrac{a^2b^2-2a^3c+b^2c^2-2ac^3}{a^2c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2b^2}{a^2c^2}+\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2c^2}-\dfrac{2a^3c}{a^2c^2}-\dfrac{2ac^3}{a^2c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2a}{c}-\dfrac{2c}{a}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}-\dfrac{2ac}{c^2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2ac}{a^2}\right)=\dfrac{b^2-2ac}{c^2}+\dfrac{b^2-2ac}{a^2}\)
\(=\left(b^2-2ac\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{1}{a^2}\right)\)
Thanks a lots for your answering ^^!
Hiếu Cao Huy: Wait together!
M=\(\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2-2x_1.x_2+\left(y_1+y_2\right)^2-2y_1.y_2\)
Áp dụng định lý viettel :( :v )
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1+x_2=-\dfrac{b}{a}\\x_1x_2=\dfrac{c}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\);\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y_1+y_2=-\dfrac{b}{c}\\y_1y_2=\dfrac{a}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(M=\dfrac{b^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2c}{a}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}-\dfrac{2a}{c}=\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{a^2}+\dfrac{b^2-4ac}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\ge4\)
Dấu = xảy ra: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=c\\b^2=4ac\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow b^2=4a^2=4c^2\)
@_@ đưa thẳng câu hỏi luôn đi ; nói như zầy chưa nghỉ ra câu trả lời ; chống mặt chết trước rồi
Cho \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(b+d\ne0\right)\) . Chứng minh: \(\dfrac{4a^2+4c^2}{4b^2+4d^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\)
Trời tối nên chụp hơi mờ, bạn thông cảm ^^
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)\(\Rightarrow\) a = bk ; c = dk
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{4a^2+4c^2}{4b^2+4d^2}\)=\(\dfrac{4\left(bk\right)^2+4\left(dk\right)^2}{4b^2+4d^2}\)
=\(\dfrac{4b^2k^2+4d^2k^2}{4b^2+4d^2}\)=\(\dfrac{k^2\left(4b^2+4d^2\right)}{4b^2+4d^2}\)= k2 (1)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\)=\(\dfrac{\left(bk-dk\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\)=\(\dfrac{[k\left(b-d\right)]^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\)
=\(\dfrac{k^2\left(b-d\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\)= k2 (2)
Từ (1) và (2), suy ra:
\(\dfrac{4a^2+4c^2}{4b^2+4d^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\) (đpcm)
Cách 2:
Giải:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow k^2=\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{4a^2+4c^2}{4b^2+4d^2}\) (1)
\(k=\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\Rightarrow k^2=\left(\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}\right)^2=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4a^2+4c^2}{4b^2+4d^2}=\dfrac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{\left(b-d\right)^2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Vậy...
Cho 3 số thực dương x,y,z thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}=3\)
Chứng minh \(\dfrac{27a^2}{c\left(c^2+9a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(4a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{8c^3}{b\left(9b^2+4c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Chứng minh rằng biểu thức sau không phụ thuộc a, b, c: \(B=\dfrac{4a^2-1}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\dfrac{4b^2-1}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\dfrac{4c^2-1}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(B=\dfrac{\left(4a^2-1\right)\left(b-c\right)-\left(4b^2-1\right)\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{4c^2-1}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2b-4a^2c-b+c-4ab^2+4b^2c+a-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)}+\dfrac{4ac^2-4bc^2-a+b}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2b-4a^2c+a-b-4ab^2+4b^2c+4ac^2-4bc^2-a+b}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2b-4ab^2-4a^2c+4ac^2-4bc^2+4b^2c}{\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2\left(b-c\right)+4bc\left(b-c\right)-4a\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2+4bc-4a\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a^2-4ab+4bc-4ac}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{4a\left(a-b\right)-4c\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}=4\)
CHo 3 số thực a,b,c thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}=3\). chứng minh rằng\(\dfrac{27a^2}{c\left(c^2+9a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(4a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{8c^2b}{b\left(9b^2+4c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Cho 3 số thực a,b,c thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}=3\).Chứng minh rằng
\(\dfrac{27a^2}{c\left(c^2+9a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(4a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{8c^2}{b\left(9b^2+4c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Chứng minh các BĐT sau:
a. \(9\left(\dfrac{1}{a+2b}+\dfrac{2}{b+2c}+\dfrac{3}{c+2a}\right)\le\dfrac{7}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{7}{c}\)
b. \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}\ge\dfrac{3}{a+b}+\dfrac{18}{3b+4c}+\dfrac{9}{c+6a}\)
c. \(\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{2a+c}{b}+\dfrac{4\left(a+b\right)}{a+c}\ge9\)
Câu a)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\geq \frac{9}{a+2b}\) (1)
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\geq \frac{9}{b+2c}\)(2)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\geq \frac{9}{c+2a}\) (3)
Lấy \((1)+2.(2)+3.(3)\) ta có:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{a}\geq 9\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{7}{a}+\frac{4}{b}+\frac{7}{c}\geq 9\left(\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\right)\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Câu b)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{4}{b}\geq \frac{(1+2)^2}{a+b}=\frac{9}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{3a}+\frac{4}{3b}\geq \frac{3}{a+b}(1)\)
\(\frac{1}{3b}+\frac{1}{2c}+\frac{1}{2c}\geq \frac{9}{3b+4c}\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{2}{3b}+\frac{2}{c}\geq \frac{18}{3b+4c}\) (2)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{3a}+\frac{1}{3a}\geq \frac{9}{c+6a}\) (3)
Từ (1); (2); (3) cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{3}{a+b}+\frac{18}{3b+4c}+\frac{9}{c+6a}\)
(đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=\frac{b}{2}=\frac{c}{3}\)
Câu c)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(\frac{b+c+a}{a}+\frac{2a+c}{b}+\frac{4(a+b)}{a+c}\geq 10\) (*)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\text{VT}=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c+a}{2a}+\frac{c+a}{2a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a+c}{2b}+\frac{a+c}{2b}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}+\frac{a+b}{a+c}\)
\(\geq 10\sqrt[10]{\frac{ba(c+a)^4(a+b)^4}{16a^3b^3(a+c)^4}}=10\sqrt[10]{\frac{(a+b)^4}{16a^2b^2}}\)
Theo AM-GM: \((a+b)^2\geq 4ab\Rightarrow (a+b)^4\geq 16a^2b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq 10\sqrt[10]{\frac{(a+b)^4}{16a^2b^2}}\geq 10\)
Vậy (*) được cm. Ta có đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Chứng minh rằng: \(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left[\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}\right)\right]\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Để chứng minh bất đẳng thức (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)[(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2] ≥ 9/2, ta sẽ sử dụng phương pháp chứng minh bất đẳng thức bằng phương pháp chứng minh định lý hình học.
Giả sử a, b, c là các số thực và (a, b, c) không phải là (0, 0, 0). Ta có thể viết lại bất đẳng thức trên dưới dạng:
(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)[(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2] - 9/2 ≥ 0
Mở rộng và rút gọn biểu thức ta có:
2a^4 + 2b^4 + 2c^4 + 4a^2b^2 + 4b^2c^2 + 4c^2a^2 - 2a^3b - 2ab^3 - 2b^3c - 2bc^3 - 2c^3a - 2ca^3 - 9/2 ≥ 0
Đặt x = a^2, y = b^2, z = c^2, ta có:
2x^2 + 2y^2 + 2z^2 + 4xy + 4yz + 4zx - 2x^(3/2)√y - 2x√y^(3/2) - 2y^(3/2)√z - 2yz^(3/2) - 2z^(3/2)√x - 2zx^(3/2) - 9/2 ≥ 0
Đặt t = √x, u = √y, v = √z, ta có:
2t^4 + 2u^4 + 2v^4 + 4t^2u^2 + 4u^2v^2 + 4v^2t^2 - 2t^3u - 2tu^3 - 2u^3v - 2uv^3 - 2v^3t - 2vt^3 - 9/2 ≥ 0
Nhận thấy rằng biểu thức trên có thể viết dưới dạng tổng của các bình phương:
(t^2 + u^2 + v^2 - tu - uv - vt)^2 + (t^2 - u^2)^2 + (u^2 - v^2)^2 + (v^2 - t^2)^2 ≥ 0
Vì mọi số thực bình phương đều không âm, nên bất đẳng thức trên luôn đúng. Từ đó, ta có chứng minh rằng (a^2 + b^2 + c^2)[(a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2] ≥ 9/2.
Bài 1: a;b;c > 0
Chứng minh : \(\dfrac{a}{3a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}+\dfrac{c}{3c+a+b}\le\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Bài 2: x;y;z \(\ne\) 1 và xyz = 1
Chứng minh : \(\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y-1\right)^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z-1\right)^2}\ge1\)
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)