1) Áp dụng bđt Cauchy cho 3 số dương ta có

 \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+x^3\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{x}.x^3}=4\) (1)

\(\dfrac{3}{y^2}+y^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{y^2}.y^2}=2\sqrt{3}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{3}{z^3}+z=\dfrac{3}{z^3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}+\dfrac{z}{3}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\dfrac{3}{z^3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}.\dfrac{z}{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\) (3)

Cộng (1);(2);(3) theo vế ta được

\(\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y^2}+\dfrac{3}{z^3}\right)+\left(x^3+y^2+z\right)\ge4+2\sqrt{3}+4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^3}\right)\ge3+4\sqrt{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\dfrac{3+4\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=x^3\\\dfrac{3}{y^2}=y^2\\\dfrac{3}{z^3}=\dfrac{z}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\sqrt[4]{3}\\z=\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\) (thỏa mãn giả thiết ban đầu)

2) Ta có \(4\sqrt{ab}=2.\sqrt{a}.2\sqrt{b}\le a+4b\)

Dấu"=" khi a = 4b

nên \(\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+4\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{8}{7a+4b+a+4b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

Khi đó \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\sqrt{a+b}\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{a+b}=t>0\) ta được

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{1}{t}+t=\left(\dfrac{1}{t^2}-\dfrac{2}{t}+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\)

Có \(\dfrac{1}{t}+t\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{t}.t}=2\) (BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương)

nên \(P=\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{t}+t-1\ge\left(\dfrac{1}{t}-1\right)^2+1\ge1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{t}-1=0\\t=\dfrac{1}{t}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(tm)

khi đó a + b = 1

mà a = 4b nên \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Vậy MinP = 1 khi \(a=\dfrac{4}{5};b=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)

Bài tập :

Có : \(A=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y}{x}+\dfrac{x+y}{y}=2+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\) ( do \(x+y=1\) )

Theo BĐT trên có : \(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\ge2.\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}\cdot\dfrac{y}{x}}=2\)

Nên \(A\ge2+2=4\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\) (tự cm)

Lại có : \(A=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\)

Áp dụng BĐT trên ta có : : \(xy\le\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\dfrac{x+y}{\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{2^2}}=4\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy...

Có: A=\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) =\(\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\) =\(\dfrac{1}{xy}\) ( do x+y=1)

     Áp dụng bđt \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\) ,dâú bằng xảy ra khi a=b, ta có:

A=\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) =\(\dfrac{1}{xy}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{2}{x+y}\) =\(\dfrac{2}{1}\) =2 ( x+y=1)

dấu bằng xảy ra khi x=y=0,5. 

c/m bđt \(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\) ⇔ a+b ≥ 2\(\sqrt{ab}\)

                                    ⇔(a+b)² ≥ 4ab 

                                     ⇔a² +b² +2ab≥ 4ab

                                      ⇔(a-b)² ≥ 0 (luôn đúng)

   dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b.

\(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\left(\circledast\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2=\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(\text{luôn đúng}\right)\)

Vậy BĐT (*) được chứng minh.

\(A=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{1}{xy}\)

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 \(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\ge\sqrt{xy}\\ \Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\ \Rightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{4}}=4\)

Vậy GTNN của A = 4

Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\)

Theo đề bài, ta có:

 \(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\ge\sqrt{xy}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}\ge xy\\ \Leftrightarrow xy\le\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{1^2}{4}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow xy\le\dfrac{1}{4}\\ \Leftrightarrow A\le\dfrac{x+y}{xy}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{4}}=4\)

Vậy \(A_{min}=4\Leftrightarrow x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{3}}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{3a}{8}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{2a\cdot3a}{3\cdot8}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{6a^2}{24}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2}{4}}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2}}{\sqrt{4}}\)

\(=\dfrac{a}{2}\)

b) \(\sqrt{3a}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{52}{a}}\)

\(=\sqrt{3a\cdot\dfrac{52}{a}}\) 

\(=\sqrt{3\cdot52}\)

\(=\sqrt{13\cdot3\cdot4}\)

\(=2\sqrt{39}\)

c) \(2y^2\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x^4}{4y^2}}\)

\(=2y^2\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x^2\right)^2}}{\sqrt{\left(2y\right)^2}}\)

\(=2y^2\cdot\dfrac{x^2}{-2y}\)

\(=\dfrac{2y^2\cdot x^2}{-2y}\)

\(=-x^2y\)

Bài 1 :

Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{2}{b^2+3ab}=\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{4}{2b^2+6ab}\)

Theo BĐT Cô - Si dưới dạng engel ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{3a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{4}{2b^2+6ab}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{3a^2+6ab+3b^2}=\dfrac{9}{3\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{9}{3.1}=3\)

Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi : \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

b)CM: \(ab\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{a^2b^2}}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}=0\)

\(VT=ab\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2+1}{\left(ab\right)^2}}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}\)

\(VT=ab\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}}{ab}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}\)

\(VT=\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}-\sqrt{a^2b^2+1}\)

\(VT=0=VP\)