a)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{ }ZnSO_4+H_2\)

b)\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(m\right)\);\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}=0,16\left(m\right)\)

\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)

ta có tỉ lệ:\(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,16}{1}->Zndư\)

\(n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,16=0,14\left(m\right)\)

\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,14.65=9,1\left(g\right)\)

c)\(PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}ZnSO_4+H_2\)

tỉ lệ        :1       1                1              1

số mol   :0,16   0,16           0,16         0,16

\(V_{H_2}=0,16.22,4=3,584\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)

\(PT:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

\(\dfrac{n_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{Zn\left(PT\right)}}=\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4\left(ĐB\right)}}{n_{H_2SO_4}\left(PT\right)}=\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Zn dư , H₂SO₄ hết , tính theo H₂SO₄  

b, Theo PT : \(n_{zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(pứ\right)}=n\cdot M=0,016\cdot32=0,512\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=m_{Zn\left(ĐB\right)}-n_{Zn\left(Pứ\right)}=1,95-0,512=1,438\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT : \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,016\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_{2\left(đktc\right)}}=n\cdot22,4=0,016\cdot22,4=0,3584\left(l\right)\)

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Theo bài ra ta có :

\(m_{Zn}=1,95\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m_{Zn}}{M_{Zn}}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1,57\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{1,57}{98}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có tỉ lệ số mol chia cho hệ số :

\(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,016}{1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) H2SO4 phản ứng hết / Zn phản ứng dư

\(\Rightarrow\) Tính theo số mol của H2SO4

⇒ \(n_{Zn}\) tham gia phản ứng là : \(n_{Zn}\approx0,016\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}\approx0,016.32\approx0,512\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Zn}\left(dư\right)=1,438\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,016.22,4\approx0,3584\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,25}{65}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\)

tỉ lệ        1     :     1       :       1            :  1

n(mol)     0,25-->0,25------->0,25------>0,25

\(V_{H_2\left(dktc\right)}=n\cdot22,4=0,25\cdot22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=n\cdot M=0,25\cdot\left(65+32+16\cdot4\right)=40,25\left(g\right)\)

a) Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1,47}{98}=0,015\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,03}{1}>\dfrac{0,015}{1}\) => Zn dư, H₂SO₄ hết

PTHH: Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

____0,015<-0,015--->0,015->0,015

=> m_Zn(dư) = (0,03-0,015).65 = 0,975 (g)

c) V_H2 = 0,015.22,4 = 0,336(l)

Chào bạn, Uyển Lộc 🤗

PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{49}{98}=0,5\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

nH2SO4=0,5(mol)

nZn=0,2(mol)

a) PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2

ta có: 0,5/1 > 0,2/1

=> Zn hết, H2SO4 dư, tính theo nZn

b) m(H2SO4 dư)= (0,5-0,2).98=29,4(g)

c) nH2= nZn=0,2(mol)

=>V(H2,đktc)=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

a, \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ -----> FeSO₄ + H₂

b, ko tính đc do thiếu khối lượng ddH₂SO₄

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

nFe = 5,6 : 56 = 0,1 (mol)

nH2SO4 (đủ) = 0,1 (mol)

mH2SO4 = 0,1 . 98 = 9,8 (g)

\(mH_2SO_{\text{4(thamgiapứ) }}=\dfrac{9,8.100}{49}=20\left(g\right)\)

H2SO4 dư , Fe đủ

mH2SO4 dư = 20 - 9,8 = 10,2(g)

mFeSO4 = 0,1 . 152 = 15,2(g)

VH2 = 0,1 .22,4 = 2,24(l)

mH2 = 0,1 . 2 = 0,2 (g)

\(C\%H_2SO_4=\dfrac{10,2.100}{5,6+20+15,2-0,2}=25\%\)

\(C\%_{FeSO_4}=\dfrac{15,2.100}{5,6+20+15,2-0,2}=37\%\)

Nếu có thể thì lần sau bạn nên đăng tách từng bài ra nhé!

Bài 1:

PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) , ta được Mg dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,05.95=4,75\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

Bài 2:

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\) , ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

Bài 3:

PT: \(2M+6HCl\rightarrow2MCl_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,704}{22,4}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_M=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{3,78}{0,14}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)

Vậy: M là nhôm (Al).

Bài 4:

PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{4}>\dfrac{0,2}{5}\) , ta được P dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,08.142=11,36\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05.20}{100}=4,41\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{4,41}{98}=0,045\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\) 
\(LTL:\dfrac{0,03}{1}< \dfrac{0,045}{1}\) 
=> H₂SO₄ dư 
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(p\text{ư}\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(d\right)}=\left(0,045-0,03\right).98=1,47\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}}=1,95+22,05-\left(0,03.2\right)=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.136}{23,94}.100\%=17\%\)

\(a,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1,95}{65}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

bđ       0,03   0,225

pư       0,03    0,03 

spư     0         0,195       0,03        0,03

\(b,m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,195.98=19,11\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{dd}=1,95+22,05-0,03.2=23,94\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,03.161}{23,94}.100\%=20,18\%\)