a) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(ad = bc\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{{a + b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c + d}}{d}\)\( \Rightarrow d(a + b) = b(c + d)\)\( \Rightarrow ad + bd = bc + bd\)

\( \Rightarrow ad = bc\) (luôn đúng)

\( \Rightarrow \dfrac{{a + b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c + d}}{d}\) 

b) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(ad = bc\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{{a - b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c - d}}{d}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow d(a - b) = b(c - d)\\ \Leftrightarrow ad - bd = bc - bd\\ \Leftrightarrow ad = bc\end{array}\) ( luôn đúng)

Vậy \(\dfrac{{a - b}}{b} = \dfrac{{c - d}}{d}\) 

c)  Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{c}{d}\) nên \(ad = bc\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{{a + b}} = \dfrac{c}{{c + d}}\)

\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow a(c + d) = c(a + b)\\ \Leftrightarrow ac + ad = ac + bc\\ \Leftrightarrow ad = bc\end{array}\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy \(\dfrac{a}{{a + b}} = \dfrac{c}{{c + d}}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{a-b}=\dfrac{d}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2b}{a-b}=\dfrac{2d}{c-d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2b}{a-b}+1=\dfrac{2d}{c-d}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\) (đpcm)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

=> a = b.k ; c = d.k

Ta lại có : \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{b.k-b}{b.k+b}=\dfrac{b.\left(k-1\right)}{b.\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{d.k-d}{d.k+d}=\dfrac{d.\left(k-1\right)}{d.\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\)

Vì \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\) ; \(\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}=\dfrac{k-1}{k+1}\) nên \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{a-b}{a+b}=\dfrac{c-d}{c+d}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1=>\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1=>\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>ad=cb=>ad+ac=cb+ac\)

\(=>a\left(c+d\right)=c\left(a+b\right)=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=>\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)

a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\)

hay \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1\)

hay \(\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

Ta có :

\(ad=bc\left(1\right)\)

Chia cả 2 vế của \(\left(1\right)\) cho \(bd\) ta được :

\(VT=\dfrac{ad}{bd}=\dfrac{a}{b}\left(2\right)\)

\(VP=\dfrac{bc}{bd}=\dfrac{c}{d}\left(3\right)\)

Từ \(\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)

Từ có đẳng thức: \(ad=bc\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{cd}=\dfrac{bc}{cd}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\) (đpcm)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow a=bk,c=dk\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{bk-b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{dk-d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{d}\).Theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a}{b}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{d}\)=\(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)=\(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

Vì \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)=\(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}\)=\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}\)=\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

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Từ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có :

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

Từ \(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\) (1)

\(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) => \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\) ( đpcm)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)

Thay (1) vào đề bài:

\(VT=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\)

\(VP=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\)

Khi đó: \(VT=VP\)

hay \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\) khi \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a,b,c,d\ne0\\a\ne b;c\ne d\end{matrix}\right.\).

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+1=\dfrac{c}{d}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}+\dfrac{d}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

Vậy...

Giải:

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy...

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b.k\\c=d.k\end{matrix}\right.\) (1)

Thay (1) vào:

\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{b.k+b}{b.k-b}=\dfrac{b.\left(k+1\right)}{b.\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{d.k+d}{d.k-d}=\dfrac{d.\left(k+1\right)}{d.\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\) (3)

Từ (2) và (3) =>\(\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}=\dfrac{k+1}{k-1}\)

Ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất hoán vị ta được:

\(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

Vậy từ tỉ lệ thức \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\) và \(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b}=k-1\\\dfrac{c-d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d}=k-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

c) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)

d) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)

e: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)