\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{2}{2016}+\dfrac{3}{2015}+...+\dfrac{2016}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2}{2016}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{3}{2015}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2016}{2}+1\right)+1}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\dfrac{2018}{2016}+\dfrac{2018}{2015}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{2018}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}\)

\(A=\dfrac{2018\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}+\dfrac{1}{2018}}=2018\)

a/ Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)

a.\(A=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}}{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)}=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}=\sqrt{2019}-1\)

b/ \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\)

Ta chứng minh được công thức \(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^4+2a^3b+a^2b^2+2ab^3+b^4}{a^2b^2\left(a+b\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ab+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)

\(A=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2016^2}+\dfrac{1}{2017^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1^2}+\dfrac{1}{2017^2}+\dfrac{1}{2018^2}}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{1}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+1+\dfrac{1}{2016}-\dfrac{1}{2017}+1+\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}\)

=>A là số hữu tỉ (ĐPCM)

Theo bài ra, ta có: \(B=\dfrac{2018}{1}+\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2016}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\)

\(B=\left(\dfrac{2018}{1}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2017}{2}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{2016}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{1}{2018}+1\right)-2018\)

\(B=2019+\dfrac{2019}{2}+\dfrac{2019}{3}+...+\dfrac{2019}{2018}-2018\)

\(B=\dfrac{2019}{2}+\dfrac{2019}{3}+...+\dfrac{2019}{2018}+\left(2019-2018\right)\)

\(B=\dfrac{2019}{2}+\dfrac{2019}{3}+...+\dfrac{2019}{2018}+1\)

\(B=\dfrac{2019}{2}+\dfrac{2019}{3}+...+\dfrac{2019}{2018}+\dfrac{2019}{2019}\)

\(B=2019\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2019}\right)\)

Khi đó:\(\dfrac{B}{A}=\dfrac{2019\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2019}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2019}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{B}{A}=2019\), là 1 số nguyên.

Vậy \(\dfrac{B}{A}\) là số nguyên.

bạn chứng minh bài toán tổng quát :  \(A=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}=1+\frac{1}{a}-\frac{1}{a+1}\)rồi áp dụng vào giải bài này nhé 

Dạng bài tương tự như bài này, bạn áp dụng cách làm vào làm bài của bạn nhé: Câu hỏi của Dao Dao - Toán lớp 7 | Học trực tuyến

\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+\dfrac{2017}{4}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2018}}{\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}\) là B

\(B=\dfrac{2017}{1}+\dfrac{2016}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}\\ =\dfrac{2017}{1}+1+\dfrac{2016}{2}+1+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}+1-2017\\ =\dfrac{2018}{1}+\dfrac{2018}{2}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}-2017\\ =\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{3}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\left(2018-2017\right)\\ =\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{3}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}+1\\ =\dfrac{2018}{2}+\dfrac{2018}{3}+...+\dfrac{2018}{2017}+\dfrac{2018}{2018}\\ =2018.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)\)

\(A=\dfrac{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2018}}{2018\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2017.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}{2018.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2018}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2017}{2018}\)

Mơn cac ban, minh dang can cau nay ^^