Giải:

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{2c}{2d}=\dfrac{a+2c}{b+2d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a+2c}{b+2d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+d\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+2d\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy...

Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\) (!)

Thay (!) vào đề bài:

VT = \(c\left(k+2\right).d\left(k+1\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=c\left(k+1\right).d\left(k+2\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow VT=VP\)

hay \(\left(a+2c\right)\left(b+d\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+2d\right)\).

\(\left(a-2c\right)\left(b+2d\right)=\left(b-2d\right)\left(a+2c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+2ad-2bc-4cd=ab+2bc-2ad-4cd\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2ad+2ad=2bc+2bc\Leftrightarrow4ab=4bc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ad=bc\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d},\left(a,b,c,d\ne0\right)\)

Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

a: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{2a-b}=\dfrac{2bk+b}{2bk-b}=\dfrac{2k+1}{2k-1}\)

\(\dfrac{2c+d}{2c-d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{2dk-d}=\dfrac{2k+1}{2k-1}\)

=>\(\dfrac{2a+b}{2a-b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{2c-d}\)

b: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2bk+b}{bk-2b}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)
\(\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{dk-2d}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)

\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}{27^2.\left(a+2b\right)\left(b+2c\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{3}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(b+2c\right)\left(c+2a\right)}+\dfrac{b+2c}{27}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}\ge\dfrac{b}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(c+2a\right)\left(a+2b\right)}+\dfrac{c+2a}{27}+\dfrac{a+2b}{27}\ge\dfrac{c}{3}\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT+\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{9}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{9}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

\(S=\left(1+\dfrac{2a}{3b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2b}{3c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2c}{3d}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2d}{3a}\right)\)

có \(1+\dfrac{2a}{3b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{3b}}\)(BDT AM-GM)

\(=>1+\dfrac{2b}{3c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{3c}}\)

\(=>1+\dfrac{2c}{3d}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{3d}}\)

\(=>1+\dfrac{2d}{3a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2d}{3a}}\)

\(=>S\ge16\sqrt{\dfrac{2a.2b.2c.2d}{3a.3b.3c.3d}}=16\sqrt{\dfrac{16abcd}{81abcd}}=16\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{81}}=\dfrac{64}{9}\)

Mình hướng dẫn thôi nhé:

Đặt: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=kb\\c=kd\end{matrix}\right.\) . Sau đó thế vào biểu thức tính rồi suy ra đpcm

Ví dụ bài đầu tiên: Thế a = kb; c=kd vào biểu thức,ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{kb}{kb+b}=\dfrac{kb}{b\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{kd}{kd+d}=\dfrac{kd}{d\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ,ta có đpcm: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)

Các bài sau làm tương tự:Thế a=kb ; c=kd vào biểu thức rồi tính từng vế . Sau đó so sánh hai vế. Thấy hai vế = nhau => đpcm

Ta có: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}.\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{2c}{2d}.\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta được:

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)

\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{2c}{2d}=\frac{a+2c}{b+2d}\) (2)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c}{b+d}=\frac{a+2c}{b+2d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+2c\right).\left(b+d\right)=\left(a+c\right).\left(b+2d\right)\left(đpcm\right).\)

Chúc bạn học tốt!