S   = 1/3 + 1/3^2 + 1/3^3 + 1/3^4 + ... + 1/3^99 + 1/3^100

3S = 1 +1/3 +1/3^2 +1/3^3 + ... + 1/3^98 +1/3^99

3S - S = ( 1 + 1/3 + 1/3^2 +1/^3 + ... + 1/3^98 +1/3^99 ) - ( 1/3 + 1/3^2 + 1/3^3 + 1/3^4 +... + 1/3^99 + 1/3^100 )

2S = 1 - 1/3^100

S   = (1 - 1/3^100). 1/2

`3A=-1+1/3-1/3^2+.....+1/3^99-1/3^100`

`=>3A+A=4A=-1-1/3^101`

`=>A=(-1-1/3^101)/4`

Ta có :

\(D=\dfrac{100-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+....+\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+.......+\dfrac{99}{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow D=\dfrac{100-1-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-......-\dfrac{1}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+.....+\dfrac{99}{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow D=\dfrac{99-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-......-\dfrac{1}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+....+\dfrac{99}{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow D=\dfrac{\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+.....+\left(1-\dfrac{1}{100}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+.......+\dfrac{99}{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow D=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+........+\dfrac{99}{100}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{3}+......+\dfrac{99}{100}}=1\)

2:

\(B=\left(\dfrac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3^2}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100^2}-1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+1\right)\cdot...\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{100}+1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{-1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{-2}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{-99}{100}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{101}{100}\)

\(=-\dfrac{1}{100}\cdot\dfrac{101}{2}=\dfrac{-101}{200}< -\dfrac{100}{200}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\\ \Leftrightarrow3A=3\left(+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\\ =1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

Lấy 3A - A ta được
\(3A-A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\right)\\ 2A=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\\ \Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{1-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}}{2}\)

Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3A=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot A=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3^2}-...-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot A=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\cdot A=\dfrac{3^{100}-1}{3^{100}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{100}-1}{2\cdot3^{100}}\)

a, \(\dfrac{1}{2!}+\dfrac{2}{3!}+...+\dfrac{99}{100!}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}=1-\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

d, \(D=\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\)

\(\Rightarrow3D-D=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2D=1-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}.2}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)

\(=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)

\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)

\(=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)

\(=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}-1-\dfrac{1}{2}-...-\dfrac{1}{25}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{27}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Đặt A=\(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^3}+.......+\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

=> 3A=1+\(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+..........+\dfrac{1}{3^{98}}\)

=> 3A-A= 1-\(\dfrac{1}{3^{99}}\)

=> A=\(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3^{99}.2}\)

=> A<1/2

Vậy A<1/2

    D =                     \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{ 1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)

    D =                     \(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)

2x D =            \(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\)

2D - D =         1 -  \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)

D        =          1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\)

\(D=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+....+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\\ =>2D=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\\ =>2D-D=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{99}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+...+\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}\right)\\ =>D=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{100}}=\dfrac{2^{100}-1}{2^{100}}\)

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