ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\ne0\\b\ne0\\c\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\)Ta có: \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\cdot\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\cdot\left(\dfrac{x^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{z^2}{c^2}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2=x^2+\dfrac{x^2\cdot\left(b^2+c^2\right)}{a^2}+y^2+\dfrac{y^2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}{b^2}+z^2+\dfrac{z^2\cdot\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{c^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\cdot\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{a^2}+y^2\cdot\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2}+z^2\cdot\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2}=0\)(1)

Vì (1) luôn không âm mà a,b,c≠0

nên x=y=z=0

⇒\(\dfrac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\dfrac{0^{2019}+0^{2019}+0^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=0\)

mà \(\dfrac{x^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{y^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{z^{2019}}{c^{2019}}=\dfrac{0^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{0^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{0^{2019}}{c^{2019}}=0\)

nên \(\dfrac{x^{2019}+y^{2019}+z^{2019}}{a^{2019}+b^{2019}+c^{2019}}=\dfrac{x^{2019}}{a^{2019}}+\dfrac{y^{2019}}{b^{2019}}+\dfrac{z^{2019}}{c^{2019}}\)

\(y=\dfrac{1}{2x^2+x-1}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)\left(2x-1\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{1}{2x-1}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{1}{x+1}\)

\(y'=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{-2}{\left(2x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{-1}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.2^1.1!}{\left(2x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.1!}{\left(x+1\right)^2}\)

\(y''=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.2^2.2!}{\left(2x-1\right)^3}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.2!}{\left(x+1\right)^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(n\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.2^n.n!}{\left(2x-1\right)^{n+1}}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.n!}{\left(x+1\right)^{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(2019\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.2^{2019}.2019!}{\left(2x-1\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{1}{3}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.2019!}{\left(x+1\right)^{2020}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2019!}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(x+1\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{2^{2020}}{\left(2x-1\right)^{2020}}\right)\)

Bài 1:

Đặt 2018=a

\(B=\sqrt{1+a^2+\dfrac{a^2}{\left(a+1\right)^2}}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}\)

\(=1+a-\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{a}{a+1}=1+a=2019\)

\(y=\dfrac{1}{3x^2-x-2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(3x+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{1}{x-1}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{1}{3x+2}\)

\(y'=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.1!}{\left(x-1\right)^2}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^1.3^1.1!}{\left(3x+2\right)^2}\)

\(y''=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.2!}{\left(x-1\right)^3}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^2.3^2.2!}{\left(3x+2\right)^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(n\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.n!}{\left(x-1\right)^{n+1}}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^n.3^n.n!}{\left(3x+2\right)^{n+1}}\)

\(\Rightarrow y^{\left(2019\right)}=\dfrac{1}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.2019!}{\left(x-1\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{3}{5}.\dfrac{\left(-1\right)^{2019}.3^{2019}.2019!}{\left(3x+2\right)^{2019}}\)

\(=\dfrac{2019!}{5}\left(\dfrac{3^{2020}}{\left(3x+2\right)^{2020}}-\dfrac{1}{\left(x-1\right)^{2020}}\right)\)

\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)

Bài tập đâu rồi?

Lời giải:

Đặt $\frac{x}{2018}=\frac{y}{2019}=\frac{z}{2020}=a$

$\Rightarrow x=2018a; y=2019a; z=2020a$

$\Rightarrow (x-z)^3=(2018a-2020a)^3=(-2a)^3=-8a^3(1)$

Mặt khác:

$8(x-y)^2(y-z)=8(2018a-2019a)^2(2019a-2020a)=8a^2.(-a)=-8a^3(2)$

Từ $(1); (2)$ ta có đpcm.