Từ những chất sau: Na₂CO₃, Ca(OH)₂, NaCl. Hãy viết các PTHH điều chế NaOH

PTHH :

\(Na2CO3+Ca\left(OH\right)2\rightarrow2NaOH+CaCO3\downarrow\)

\(2NaCl+2H2O-^{\text{đ}i\text{ện}-ph\text{â}n-c\text{ó}-m\text{àng}-ng\text{ă}n}\rightarrow2NaOH+H2+Cl2\)

1.

\(4Na+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2Na_2O\)

\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2Al_2O_3\)

\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2P_2O_5\)

\(2Ca+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2CaO\)

2. 

\(P+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2PH_3\)

\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Cu+H_2O\)

\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^0}3Fe+4H_2O\)

3. 

\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)

\(Ca+2H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\)

\(K_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2KOH\)

\(P_2O_5+3H_2O\rightarrow2H_3PO_4\)

\(CaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ca\left(OH\right)_2\)

\(3NO_2+H_2O\rightarrow2HNO_3+NO\)

1) Na,Al,Ca,P

\(4Na + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Na_2O\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ 2Ca + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CaO\\ 4P + 5O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2P_2O_5\\ \)

2) CuO,Fe₃O₄

\(CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O\\ Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O\)

3) Na,Ca,K₂O,P₂O₅,CaO,NO₂

\(2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2\\ Ca + 2H_2O \to Ca(OH)_2 + H_2\\ K_2O + H_2O \to 2KOH\\ P_2O_5 + 3H_2O \to 2H_3PO_4\\ CaO + H_2O \to Ca(OH)_2\\ 3NO_2 + H_2O \to 2HNO_3 + NO\)

a) Điều chế NaOH

\(Na_2CO_3+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+2NaOH\) (1)

\(2NaCl+2H_2O-đpnc\rightarrow2NaOH+Cl_2+H_2\) (2)

b) Giả sử mỗi chất đã cho đều là 1 g ta có

Ở PTHH (1)

\(n_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{1}{106}\left(mol\right);n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\frac{1}{74}\left(mol\right)\)

Thấy \(n_{Na_2CO_3}< n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=\frac{1}{53}\left(mol\right)\)

Ở PTHH (2)

\(n_{NaCl}=\frac{1}{58,5}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=\frac{1}{58,5}\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có \(n_{NaOH\left(1\right)}>n_{NaOH\left(2\right)}hay\frac{1}{53}>\frac{1}{58,5}\Rightarrow\) Dùng PTHH (1) thì khối lượng NaOH nhiều hơn .

Bài 1: 4Na+O2->2Na₂O

(2): Na2O +H2O -> 2NaOH

(3): 2NaOH + BaCl2-> 2NaCl + Ba(OH)2

(4): NaCl + AgNO3-> AgCl + NaNO3

phần 2:

(1) 2NaOH + CO2-> Na2CO3 + H2O

(2) Na2CO3 +CaCl2- > CaCO3 + 2NaCl

(3) CaCO3-t⁰-> CaO + CO2

(4) CaO +H2O -> Ca(OH)2

(5) Ca(OH)2 + BaCl₂-> Ba(OH)2 + CaCl2

Bài 1:

1) 4Na + O₂ --^to--➢ 2Na₂O

Na₂O + H₂O → 2NaOH

2NaOH + 2HCl → 2NaCl + H₂O

NaCl + AgNO₃ → NaNO₃ + AgCl

2) 2NaOH + CO₂ → Na₂CO₃ + H₂O

Na₂CO₃ + CaCl₂ → 2NaCl + CaCO₃

CaCO₃ --^to--➢ CaO + CO₂

CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂

Ca(OH)₂ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + 2H₂O

Baif 2: Fe + H2SO4-> FeSO4 + H2

H2SO4+ 2NaOH-> Na2SO4 + 2H2O

Fe +CuSO4-> FeSO4 +Cu

H2SO4+ BaCl2-> BaSO4 + 2HCl

BaCl2 + 2NaOH -> Ba(OH)2 + 2NaCl

CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Cu(OH)2 + Na2SO4

- H2O :SO3, CO2, NaCl,Na, Na2O.

SO3 + H2O --> H2SO4

CO2 + H2O <--> H2CO3

NaCl

Na + H2O --> NaOH + 1/2H2

Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH

- KOH : Al2O3, SO3, CO2, NaCl, Na, Na2O.

2KOH + Al2O3 --> 2KAlO2 + H2O

2KOH + CO2 --> K2CO3 + H2O

KOH + CO2 --> KHCO3

2KOH + SO3 --> K2SO4 + H2O

Na + H2O --> NaOH + 1/2H2

Na2O + H2O --> 2NaOH

Tan trong nước: SO3,CO2,NaCl,Na,Na2O

SO3+H2O--->H2SO4

CO2+H2O--->H2CO3

2Na+2H2O---->2NaOH+H2

Na2O+H2O-->2NaOH

tan trong KOH:Al2O3,,CO2, SO3

Al2O3+2KOH----> K2AlO2+H2O

CO2+2KOH--->K2CO3+H2O

2KOH+SO3---->K2SO4+H2O

Cho PTHH sau : 2A + 2H₂O → 2AOH + H₂ . A là những chất nào ?

A Zn , Fe

B Na , Cu

C Na , K 

D K , Na

 Chúc bạn học tốt

2K+2H2O->2KOH+H2

2Ba+2H2O->Ba(OH)2+H2

Na2O+H2O->2NaOH

SO2+H2O->H2SO3

B1

a) H₂O : SO₂;Na₂O;CaO;CO₂

b)dd NaOH : SO₂ ;CO₂

c) dd HCl:CuO ; CaO; Na₂O

H₂O+CO₂→H₂CO₃

H₂O+SO₃→H₂SO₄

H₂O+CaO→Ca(OH)₂

H₂O+Na₂O→2NAOH

2KOH+CO₂→K₂CO₃+H₂O

2KOH+SO₃→K₂SO₄+H₂O

KOH+HCl→KCl+H₂O

CO₂+CaO→CaCO₃

CO₂+Na₂O→Na₂CO₃

SO₃+CaO→CaSO₄

SO₃+Na₂O→Na₂SO₄

CaO+2HCl→CaCl₂+H₂O

Na₂O+2HCl→2NaCl+H₂O

A/ Nước : Na2O; SO2;CaO; CO2

B/ dd NaOH: SO2 ;CO2

C/ dd HCl: CuO; Na2O;CaO

Oxit: CaO, Na₂O, P₂O₅, NO₂, CuO, SO₃

Oxit axit: P₂O₅, NO₂ và SO₃.

Oxit bazơ: CaO, Na₂O, CuO.

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

Oxit :CaO, Na₂O, P₂O₅ , NO₂ ,CuO, SO₃​ . 

Oxit axit: P₂O₅ , NO₂ , SO₃​ . 

Oxit bazơ: CaO, Na₂O, CuO.