Lời giải:

a) Ta thấy: \(a+b-2\sqrt{ab}=(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b})^2\geq 0, \forall a,b>0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b\geq 2\sqrt{ab}>0\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a+b}\le \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\).

Vì $a> b$ nên dấu bằng không xảy ra . Tức \(\frac{1}{a+b}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{ab}}\)

Ta có đpcm

b)

Áp dụng kết quả phần a:

\(\frac{1}{3}=\frac{1}{1+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.1}}\)

\(\frac{1}{5}=\frac{1}{3+2}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2.3}}\)

\(\frac{1}{7}=\frac{1}{4+3}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{4.3}}\)

.....

\(\frac{1}{4021}=\frac{1}{2011+2010}< \frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{3}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{5}+...+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{4021}\)

\(< \frac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{2\sqrt{2.1}}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2\sqrt{3.2}}+\frac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{2\sqrt{4.3}}+....+\frac{\sqrt{2011}-\sqrt{2010}}{2\sqrt{2011.2010}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2010}}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}\)

\(=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2011}}< \frac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

a) \(\dfrac{a^2+3}{\sqrt{a^2+2}}=\sqrt{a^2+2}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+2}}\ge2\sqrt{\sqrt{a^2+2}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+2}}}=2\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\sqrt{a^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+2}}\Leftrightarrow a^2=-1\left(vn\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Dấu "=" không xảy ra

Vậy \(\dfrac{a^2+3}{\sqrt{a^2+2}}>2\)

b)Với x,y>0,ta cm bđt phụ sau:

\(x^3+y^3\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\) (1)

Thật vậy (1)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)-xy\left(x+y\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\cdot\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (lđ)

Áp dụng (1) có:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}.\sqrt{b}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{\sqrt{ab}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\)

Dấu "=" xra khi a=b

Vậy...

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+ac+bc}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{a}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\) Chứng minh tương tự ta được:

\(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right);\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+a}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+b}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+1+1\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\) Dấu = xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{b^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{c^2+1}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)\)

Cộng vế:

\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+b}+\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{b+c}\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Áp dụng BĐT cosi:

\(a\sqrt{1-b^2}=\sqrt{a^2\left(1-b^2\right)}\le\dfrac{a^2+1-b^2}{2}\)

Tương tự cx có: \(b\sqrt{1-c^2}\le\dfrac{b^2+1-c^2}{2}\)

\(c\sqrt{1-a^2}\le\dfrac{c^2+1-a^2}{2}\)

Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=1-b^2\\b^2=1-c^2\\c^2=1-a^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=3-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)

2, a, \(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\ge2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+1}{a}\ge2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\left(a>0\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)( là đt đúng vs mọi a)

vậy...................

Câu 1:

\(M=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{48-10\sqrt{7+4\sqrt{3}}}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{48-10\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{48-20-10\sqrt{3}}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+5\sqrt{\left(5-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{4+\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}+25-5\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{4+5}=3\)

\(M=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{3-\sqrt{29-12\sqrt{5}}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{3-\sqrt{\left(2\sqrt{5}-3\right)^2}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{5}+3}}\)

\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-1\right)^2}}\)

\(=\sqrt{5-\sqrt{5}+1}=\sqrt{6-\sqrt{5}}\)

2b)

Biến đổi tương đương:

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{2}\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{2}\ge\dfrac{a+2\sqrt{ab}+b}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a+2b\ge a+2\sqrt{ab}+b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2\ge0\) luôn đúng

=> (1) đúng

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b.

2c)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy Shwarz dạng Engel, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a}}\ge\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}=\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b.

2d)

Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a^2+2}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\dfrac{a^2+1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}=\sqrt{a^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+1}}\ge2\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = 0

ko biet

\(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{2b}{b-a}\left(a,b>0;a\ne b\right)\\ =\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2+4b}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{4\sqrt{ab}+4b}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\\ =\dfrac{4\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)

Tick plz

Ta có: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{2\sqrt{a}+2\sqrt{b}}-\dfrac{2b}{b-a}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+2\sqrt{ab}+b-a+2\sqrt{ab}-b+4b}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4b+4\sqrt{ab}}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{4\sqrt{b}\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)}{2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}\)

Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{a};\sqrt{b};\sqrt{c}\right)=\left(x^2;y^2;z^2\right)\) với \(x;y;z>0\Rightarrow xyz=1\)

Đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P

Ta có: \(P=\dfrac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}+\dfrac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)

\(P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+1\right)+2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y^2+z^2\right)+\left(z^2+1\right)+2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z^2+x^2\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)+2}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2xy+2y+2}+\dfrac{1}{2yz+2z+2}+\dfrac{1}{2zx+2x+2}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{1}{yz+z+1}+\dfrac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{xyz}{yz+z+xyz}+\dfrac{y}{xyz+xy+y}\right)\)

\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{xy+y+1}+\dfrac{xy}{y+1+xy}+\dfrac{y}{1+xy+y}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(a=b=c=1\)

e)

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)

=> ĐPCM

BPT?