Cho \(x,y\ne0\). Tìm: \(MinP=\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}+\dfrac{y^2}{x^2}-3\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+5\)
1, x,y,z∈N*. CMR x+3z-y là hợp số biết `x^2+y^2=z^2`
2,Tìm n∈N* để \(\left(4n^3+n+3\right)⋮\left(2n^2+n+1\right)\)
3, CMR:\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\forall x\ne y,xy\ne0\)
2.
\(4n^3+n+3=4n^3+2n^2+2n-2n^2-n-1+4=2n\left(2n^2+n+1\right)-\left(2n^2+n+1\right)+4\)-Để \(\left(4n^3+n+3\right)⋮\left(2n^2+n+1\right)\) thì \(4⋮\left(2n^2+n+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\) (do n là số nguyên)
*\(2n^2+n+1=1\Leftrightarrow n\left(2n+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow n=0\) (loại) hay \(n=\dfrac{-1}{2}\) (loại)
*\(2n^2+n+1=-1\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n+2=0\) (phương trình vô nghiệm)
\(2n^2+n+1=2\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n-1=0\Leftrightarrow n^2+n+n^2-1=0\Leftrightarrow n\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+1\right)\left(n-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)\left(2n-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n=-1\) (loại) hay \(n=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (loại)
\(2n^2+n+1=-2\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n+3=0\) (phương trình vô nghiệm)
\(2n^2+n+1=4\Leftrightarrow2n^2+n-3=0\Leftrightarrow2n^2-2n+3n-3=0\Leftrightarrow2n\left(n-1\right)+3\left(n-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(n-1\right)\left(2n+3\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow n=1\left(nhận\right)\) hay \(n=\dfrac{-3}{2}\left(loại\right)\)
-Vậy \(n=1\)
1. \(x^2+y^2=z^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2-z^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-z\right)\left(x+z\right)+y^2=0\)
-TH1: y lẻ \(\Rightarrow x-z;x+z\) đều lẻ.
\(x+3z-y=x+z-y+2x\) chia hết cho 2. \(\Rightarrow\)Hợp số.
-TH2: y chẵn \(\Rightarrow\)1 trong hai biểu thức \(x-z;x+z\) chia hết cho 2.
*Xét \(\left(x-z\right)⋮2\):
\(x+3z-y=x-z+4z-y\) chia hết cho 2. \(\Rightarrow\)Hợp số.
*Xét \(\left(x+z\right)⋮2\):
\(x+3z-y=x+z+2z-y\) chia hết cho 2 \(\Rightarrow\)Hợp số.
Cho số thực x và y thỏa mãn \(x\ne y;x\ne0;y\ne0\)
CMR: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy}{x^2y^2}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{x^2y^2}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(x-y\right)^2x^2y^2}}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{2}{\left|xy\right|}+\dfrac{2}{xy}\ge\dfrac{2}{xy}+\dfrac{2}{xy}=\dfrac{4}{xy}\)
Cho x+y=1 và \(xy\ne0\). CMR: \(\dfrac{x}{y^3-1}-\dfrac{y}{x^3-1}+\dfrac{2.\left(x+y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}=0\)
\(xy\ne0,x,y\ne1\)
\(A=\dfrac{x^{ }}{y^3-1}-\dfrac{y}{x^3-1}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(xét:\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}=\dfrac{2}{x^2y^2+3}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{x^{ }}{y^3-1}-\dfrac{y}{x^3-1}=\dfrac{x^4-x-y^4+y}{\left(x^3-1\right)\left(y^3-1\right)}\left(2\right)\)
\(xét:\) \(x^4-x-y^4+y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x^3+x^2y+xy^2+y^3-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+xy\left(x+y\right)-1\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(1-3xy+xy-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(-2xy\right)=-2xy\left(x-y\right)=2xy\)
\(xét\) \(\left(y^3-1\right)\left(x^3-1\right)=x^3y^3-\left[\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)\right]+1\)
\(=x^3y^3-\left(1-3xy\right)+1=x^3y^3+3xy=xy\left(x^2y^2+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{2}{x^2y^2+3}-\dfrac{2\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}=\dfrac{2-2x+2y}{x^2y^2+3}\ne0\left(đề-sai\right)\)
Cho x,y,z,t>0 và x+y+z+t=2. Tìm MinP =\(\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{xyzt}\)
Lời giải:
\(4P=\frac{4(x+y+z)(x+y)}{xyzt}=\frac{(x+y+z+t)^2(x+y+z)(x+y)}{xyzt}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(4P\geq \frac{4t(x+y+z)(x+y+z)(x+y)}{xyzt}\Leftrightarrow P\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2(x+y)}{xyz}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM:
\(P\geq \frac{4z(x+y)(x+y)}{xyz}=\frac{4(x+y)^2}{xy}\geq \frac{4.4xy}{xy}=16\)
Vậy GTNN của $P$ là $16$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x+y+z=t; x+y=z; x=y$ hay $t=1; z=\frac{1}{2}; x=y=\frac{1}{4}$
Cho x+y=1 \(\left(x,y\ne0\right)\)
chứng minh: \(\dfrac{x}{y^3-1}-\dfrac{y}{x^3-1}+\dfrac{z\left(x-y\right)}{x^2y^2+3}\ne0\)
Cho x,y,z>0 và \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=3\). Tìm MinP \(=x+\dfrac{y^2}{2}+\dfrac{z^3}{3}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$3=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\geq \frac{9}{x+y+z}$
$\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 3$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$\frac{y^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\geq y$
$\frac{z^3}{3}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}\geq z$
$\Rightarrow P+\frac{7}{6}\geq x+y+z=3$
$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{11}{6}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $x=y=z=1$
Tìm x,y,z biết:
\(\dfrac{x}{z+y+1}=\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=x+y+z\left(x,y,z\ne0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z+y+1}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+1}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-2}{z}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{x+y+z}=2=x+y+z\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z+y+1=2x\\x+z+1=2y\\x+y-2=2z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z=2x-1\\x+z=2y-1\\x+y=2z+2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=2-x\\2y-1=2-y\\2z+2=2-z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(1;1;0\right)\)
Cho \(x,y,z\ge0;x\ne y\ne z\) và \(\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)=1\). Tìm: \(MinP=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)^2}\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+z\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(z+x\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x+z\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2}{\left(y+z\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(x+z\right)^2\left(y+z\right)^2}{\left(z+x\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x+z\right)^2-2\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(y+z\right)^2+2\) (Vì: (x+z)(y+z)=1 =>2(x+z)(y+z)=2 )
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x+z-y-z\right)^2+2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x-y\right)^2+2\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2}=2\cdot1=2\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{1}{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\left(x-y\right)^2+2\ge2+2=4\)
Vậy \(MinP=4\) khi \(x-y=1\); \(y+z=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2}\); \(x+z=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{5}-1}\)
Cho \(a+b+c=a^2+b^2+c^2=1\) và \(\dfrac{x}{a}=\dfrac{y}{b}=\dfrac{z}{c}\) \(\left(a\ne0,b\ne0,c\ne0\right)\)
Chứng minh rằng: \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\frac{x}{a}=\frac{y}{b}=\frac{z}{c}=t$
$\Rightarrow x=at; y=bt; z=ct$. Ta có:
$(x+y+z)^2=(at+bt+ct)^2=t^2(a+b+c)^2=t^2(*)$
Mặt khác:
$x^2+y^2+z^2=(at)^2+(bt)^2+(ct)^2=t^2(a^2+b^2+c^2)=t^2(**)$
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow (x+y+z)^2=x^2+y^2+z^2$ (đpcm)