Đặt \(b+c-a=2x;c+a-b=2y;a+b-c=2z\) \(\Rightarrow a=y+z;b=x+z;c=x+y\)

\(\dfrac{4a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{4c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{4\left(y+z\right)}{2x}+\dfrac{4\left(x+z\right)}{2y}+\dfrac{4\left(x+y\right)}{2z}\)\(=\dfrac{2\left(y+z\right)}{x}+\dfrac{2\left(x+z\right)}{y}+\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)}{z}=2\left(\dfrac{y}{x}+\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{x}{z}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge2.\left(2+2+2\right)=12\)

Đặt b + c - a = x; c + a - b = y; a + b - c = z. (x, y, z > 0)

Ta có \(A=\dfrac{a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4b}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{9c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{2x}+\dfrac{2\left(z+x\right)}{y}+\dfrac{9\left(x+y\right)}{2z}=\left(\dfrac{y}{2x}+\dfrac{2x}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{2x}+\dfrac{9x}{2z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{9y}{2z}+\dfrac{2z}{y}\right)\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{2x}.\dfrac{2x}{y}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{z}{2x}.\dfrac{9x}{2z}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{9y}{2z}.\dfrac{2z}{y}}=2+3+6=11\).

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(3y=2z=6x\Leftrightarrow3\left(c+a-b\right)=2\left(b+c-a\right)=6\left(a+b-c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=\dfrac{5}{6};b=\dfrac{2}{3};c=\dfrac{1}{2}\).

\(A=\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{2b}\ge\dfrac{2}{b}\\\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2c}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{4}{2a}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) \(dấu"="xảy\) \(ra\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(ab+bc+ca=3\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\\abc\le1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(P\le\dfrac{3}{8}\)

\(P\le\dfrac{a}{6a+2}+\dfrac{b}{6b+2}+\dfrac{c}{6c+2}\) nên chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{a}{3a+1}+\dfrac{b}{3b+1}+\dfrac{c}{3c+1}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3a+1}+\dfrac{1}{3b+1}+\dfrac{1}{3c+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)+\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)+\left(3c+1\right)\left(3a+1\right)}{\left(3a+1\right)\left(3b+1\right)\left(3c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27abc+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{6\left(a+b+c\right)+30}{27+3\left(a+b+c\right)+28}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow24\left(a+b+c\right)+120\ge165+9\left(a+b+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge3\) (đúng)

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b-c+b+c-a}=\dfrac{2}{b}\)

Tương tự:

\(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{a}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{2}{c}\)

Cộng vế:

\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\right)\ge\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)

Tham khảo 

Để chứng minh bất đẳng thức 1 < a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2, ta sẽ chứng minh từng phần.

Phần 1: Chứng minh 1 < a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b

Ta có:
a/b + b/c + c/a > 3√(a/b * b/c * c/a) = 3√(abc/(abc)) = 3

Vậy ta có: a/b + b/c + c/a + b/a + c/b + a/c > 3 + 1 + 1 = 5

Phần 2: Chứng minh a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2

Ta có:
a/b + b/c + c/a < a/b + b/a + b/c + c/b = (a+b)/(b+c) + (b+c)/(a+b)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có:
(a+b)/(b+c) + (b+c)/(a+b) ≥ 2√[(a+b)/(b+c) * (b+c)/(a+b)] = 2

Do đó ta có: a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2

Từ đó, ta suy ra bất đẳng thức 1 < a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2.

Để chứng minh bất đẳng thức 1 < a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2, ta sẽ chứng minh từng phần.

Phần 1: Chứng minh 1 < a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b

Ta có:
a/b + b/c + c/a > 3√(a/b * b/c * c/a) = 3√(abc/(abc)) = 3

Vậy ta có: a/b + b/c + c/a + b/a + c/b + a/c > 3 + 1 + 1 = 5

Phần 2: Chứng minh a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2

Ta có:
a/b + b/c + c/a < a/b + b/a + b/c + c/b = (a+b)/(b+c) + (b+c)/(a+b)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có:
(a+b)/(b+c) + (b+c)/(a+b) ≥ 2√[(a+b)/(b+c) * (b+c)/(a+b)] = 2

Do đó ta có: a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2

Từ đó, ta suy ra bất đẳng thức 1 < a/b+c+b/c+a+c/a+b < 2.

Ta có: \(abc=b+2c\)

\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{b+2c}{bc}\)\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{3}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{4}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{5}{a+b-c}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a-b}+\dfrac{1}{a+b-c}\right)\ge\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+c+a-b}+2.\dfrac{4}{b+c-a+a+b-c}+3.\dfrac{4}{c+a-b+a+b-c}=\dfrac{4}{2c}+2.\dfrac{4}{2b}+3.\dfrac{4}{2a}=\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{6}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)=2\left(a+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)\ge2.2\sqrt{\dfrac{a.3}{a}}=4\sqrt{3}\)

(bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương)

\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)

help me!