Số?

a) \(\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{2\times3}{5\times3}=\dfrac{?}{?}\)                  \(\dfrac{4}{7}=\dfrac{4\times2}{7\times2}=\dfrac{?}{?}\)                   \(\dfrac{13}{54}=\dfrac{13\times3}{54\times3}=\dfrac{?}{?}\)

b) \(\dfrac{8}{20}=\dfrac{8:4}{20:4}=\dfrac{?}{?}\)                 \(\dfrac{10}{16}=\dfrac{10:2}{16:2}=\dfrac{?}{?}\)                 \(\dfrac{25}{65}=\dfrac{25:5}{65:5}=\dfrac{?}{?}\)

a,\(\dfrac{8^{20}+4^{20}}{4^{25}+64^5}\)

b,\(\left(1+\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right).\left(\dfrac{4}{5}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\)

c,\(23\dfrac{1}{3}:\left(\dfrac{-5}{7}\right)-13\dfrac{1}{3}:\left(\dfrac{-5}{7}\right)\)

d,1:\(\left(\dfrac{2}{3}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2\)

e,\(\dfrac{45^{10}.5^{20}}{75^{15}}\)

Bài 1:

a)

ta có: \(\dfrac{50}{100}=\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{-\dfrac{4}{13}}{-\dfrac{8}{13}}=\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{15}}{\dfrac{4}{15}}=\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{-\dfrac{2}{17}}{-\dfrac{4}{17}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{50}{100}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{13}}{\dfrac{8}{13}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{15}}{\dfrac{4}{15}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{17}}{\dfrac{4}{17}}=\dfrac{50-\dfrac{4}{13}+\dfrac{2}{15}-\dfrac{2}{17}}{100-\dfrac{8}{13}+\dfrac{4}{15}-\dfrac{4}{17}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

vậy \(A=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

b)

\(B=\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{9}{19.29}+\dfrac{9}{29.39}+...+\dfrac{9}{1999.2009}\\ B=\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{19}+\dfrac{2}{29}-\dfrac{2}{29}+\dfrac{3}{39}-...-\dfrac{199}{1999}+\dfrac{200}{2009}\\ B=\dfrac{200}{2009}\)

Bài 2:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{3c}=\dfrac{c}{9a}=\dfrac{b+c}{3c+9a}\)

suy ra: \(b=\dfrac{3c\left(b+c\right)}{3c+9a}=\dfrac{3cb+3c^2}{3c+9a}=\dfrac{bc+c^2}{c+3a}\)

\(c=\dfrac{9a\left(b+c\right)}{3c+9a}=\dfrac{9ab+9ac}{3c+9a}=\dfrac{3ab+3ac}{c+3a}\)

giả sử b=c là đúng thì :\(\dfrac{bc+c^2}{c+3a}=\dfrac{3ab+3ac}{c+3a}\)

hay \(bc+c^2=3ab+3ac\\ \Leftrightarrow c^2+bc-3ab-3ac=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)\left(c-3a\right)=0\Rightarrow c-3a=0\Rightarrow c=3a\)

b) \(\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013.2015}+\dfrac{1}{2014.2016}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.4}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{2013.2015}+\dfrac{2}{2014.2016}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2016}\right)=\dfrac{2015}{4032}< 1\)

mà \(1< \dfrac{4}{3}\) nên \(\dfrac{2015}{4032}< \dfrac{4}{3}\)

hay \(\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2013.2015}+\dfrac{1}{2014.2016}< \dfrac{4}{3}\)

bài 3:

a)\(\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=x^2-y^2-xy+xy=x^2-y^2\) (đpcm)

b) áp dụng BĐT tam giác, ta có:

\(a+b>c\Rightarrow a+b-c>0\\ b+c>a\Rightarrow b+c-a< 0\\ a+c>b\Rightarrow a-b+c>0\)

suy ra: \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a-b+c\right)< 0­\: ­\: ­\: ­\: ­\: ­\: \)

đồng thời \(abc>0\) với mọi a, b, c dương.

nên \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\left(a-b+c\right)< abc\)

ko tìm dc dấu bằng xảy ra.

Cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z>0\\x+2y+3z=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tìm MaxP biết:

\(P=\dfrac{88y^3-x^3}{2xy+16y^2}+\dfrac{297z^3-8y^3}{6yz+36z^2}+\dfrac{11x^3-27z^3}{3xz+4x^2}\)

Đặt 2y=a, 3z=b \(\Rightarrow x+a+b=3\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\dfrac{11a^3-x^3}{ax+4a^2}+\dfrac{11b^3-a^3}{ab+4b^2}+\dfrac{11x^3-b^3}{bx+4x^2}\)

Ta chứng minh bđt sau:

\(\dfrac{11a^3-x^3}{ax+4a^2}\le3a-x\Leftrightarrow11a^3-x^3\le\left(3a-x\right)\left(ax+4a^2\right)\Leftrightarrow11a^3-x^3\le12a^3+3a^2x-ax^2-4a^2x\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2x-ax^2+x^3\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-x\right)-x^2\left(a-x\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-x\right)^2\left(a+x\right)\ge0\left(luondung\right)\)tương tự:

\(\dfrac{11x^3-b^3}{bx+4x^2}\le3x-b,\dfrac{11b^3-a^3}{ab+4b^2}\le3b-a\)

\(\Rightarrow P\le3\left(x+a+b\right)-\left(a+b+x\right)=2\left(a+b+x\right)=2.3=6\)

\(MaxP=6\Leftrightarrow x=1,y=\dfrac{1}{2},z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)