a: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1\)

hay \(\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

Cho \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{ab}{cd}\) với ( với a, b, c, d khác 0, và c \(\ne\pm d\) ). Chứng minh rằng hoặc \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) hoặc \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{d}{c}\) ?

d: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{3c^2+5a^2}{3d^2+5b^2}=\dfrac{3\cdot\left(dk\right)^2+5\cdot\left(bk\right)^2}{3d^2+5b^2}=k^2\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{\left(dk\right)^2}{d^2}=k^2\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{3c^2+5a^2}{3d^2+5b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}\)

a: Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

\(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)

\(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

b: Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+b^2}{d^2k^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

DO đó: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+3c}{b+3d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\left(b\ne-d;b\ne-3d;b\ne0;d\ne0\right)\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

+, \(\dfrac{a+3c}{b+3d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a+3c-\left(a+c\right)}{b+3d-\left(b+d\right)}=\dfrac{a+3c-a-c}{b+3d-b-d}=\dfrac{2c}{2d}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

Khi đó: \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

+, \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+c-c}{b+d-d}=\dfrac{a}{b}\) (đpcm)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{a+3c}{b+3d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{a+3c-\left(a+c\right)}{b+3d-\left(b+d\right)}=\dfrac{2c}{2d}=\dfrac{c}{d}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{a+3c}{b+3d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{3a+3c}{3b+3d}=\dfrac{a+3c-\left(3a+3c\right)}{b+3d-\left(3b+3d\right)}=\dfrac{-2a}{-2b}=\dfrac{a}{b}\) (2)

(1);(2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

Đặt :

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(VT=\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(1\right)\)

\(VP=\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrowđpcm\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{e}=\dfrac{e}{f}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d+e}{b+c+d+e+f}=k\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{f}=\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{c}.\dfrac{c}{d}.\dfrac{d}{e}.\dfrac{e}{f}=k^5=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c+d+e}{b+c+d+e+f}\right)^5\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}\dfrac{1}{3}\)(vìa+b+c+d\(\ne\)0)

=>3a=b+c+d: 3b=a+c+d=>3a-3b=b-a

=>3(a-b)=-(a-b)=>4(a-b)=0=>a=b

Tương tự => a=b=c=d=> A=4

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+2\left(c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)+2\left(c+d\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2\left(a+b\right)=2\left(c+d\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=c+d\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=1\)

Tương tự:\(\dfrac{b+c}{a+d}=1;\dfrac{c+d}{a+b}=1;\dfrac{d+a}{b+c}=1\)

Vậy A=4.