\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,5}{27}=\dfrac{25}{270}=\dfrac{5}{54}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ b,Vì:\dfrac{\dfrac{5}{54}}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{4}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ b,n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,5-\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5}{54}=\dfrac{13}{36}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{13}{36}.98=\dfrac{637}{18}\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{5}{54}=\dfrac{5}{36}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{5}{36}.22,4=\dfrac{28}{9}\left(l\right)\)

Tóm tắt:

m_Al= 2,5(g)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

---

a) PTHH?

b) Chất dư? m?

c) Thể tích khí sau phản ứng?

Anh ít tóm tắt lắm nên không biết tóm tắt như ri ổn không, vì em cần nên anh tóm tắt ra thử

a) $2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$

b) $n_{Al} = 0,45(mol) ; n_{H_2SO_4} =\dfrac{219}{980} (mol)$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{Al} : 2 > n_{H_2SO_4} : 3$ nên Al dư

Theo PTHH : 

$n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{73}{490} (mol)$
$m_{Al\ dư} = 12,15 - \dfrac{73}{490}.27 = 8,127(gam)$

c) $n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{73}{930}(mol)$
$m_{muối} = \dfrac{73}{930}.342 = 25,48(gam)$

d) $V_{H_2} = \dfrac{219}{980}.22,4 = 5(lít)$

Hình như đề sai

a,\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

  \(m_{H_2SO_4}=109,5.20\%=21,9\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{21,9}{98}=0,2235\left(mol\right)\)

\(a.2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{20\%.109,5}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ b.Vì:\dfrac{0,45}{2}>\dfrac{0,6}{6}\\ \Rightarrow Aldư\\ n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,45-\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,25.27=6,75\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{2}{6}.0,6=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\ d.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{6}.0,6=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

2Al+3H₂SO₄->Al₂(SO₄)₃+3H₂

0,2-----0,3-------0,1------------0,3

n _Al=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

n _H2SO4= \(\dfrac{30}{98}\)=0,306 mol

=>H2SO4 còn dư

=>V_H2=0,3.22,4=6,72l

=>m _Al2(SO4)3=0,1.342=34,2g

=>m _{H2SO4 dư}=0,006.98=0,588g

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_{Al}}{M_{Al}}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{30}{98}=\dfrac{15}{49}mol\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

 2            3                  1                 3      ( mol )

0,2      15/49          ( mol )

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{15}{49}:3\)

=> Chất còn dư là \(H_2SO_4\)

\(V_{H_2}=n_{H_2}.22,4=\left(\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}\right).22,4=6,72l\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}.M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\left(\dfrac{0,2.1}{2}\right).342=34,2g\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}=n_{H_2SO_4\left(du\right)}.M_{H_2SO_4}=\left(\dfrac{15}{49}-\dfrac{0,2.3}{2}\right).98=0,6g\)

a: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

b: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2.5}{27}< \dfrac{1}{4}\)

=>H₂SO₄ dư, Al đủ

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.25\cdot98=24.5\left(g\right)\)

c: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{2.5}{54}=\dfrac{5}{108}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5}{36}\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{5}{36}\cdot22.4=\dfrac{28}{9}\left(lít\right)\)

Mình thấy bạn Thịnh tính lượng dư sai

Đây là bài mình từng làm, bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(a/ Mg+H_2SO_4 \to MgSO_4+H_2\\ b/ n_{Mg}=\frac{3,6}{24}=0,15(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,168(mol)\\ b/\\ Mg \text{ hết}; H_2SO_4 \text{ dư}\\ n_{H_2SO_4(dư)}=0,168-0,15=0,018(mol)\\ m_{H_2SO_4}=0,018.98=1,764(g)\\ c/\\ n_{MgSO_4}=0,15(mol)\\ m_{MgSO_4}=0,15.120=18(g)\\ d/\\ n_{H_2}=0,15\\ V=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)\)

 PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

Làm gộp các phần còn lại

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1mol\\n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,3\cdot22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\\m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot98=29,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl₂ + H₂

             0,25      0,5       0,5        0,5

Xét tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Zn dư , HCl đủ 

b) \(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,3-0,25\right).65=3,25\left(g\right)\)

c) \(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,25.136=34\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\b, Vì:\dfrac{0,5}{2}< \dfrac{0,3}{1}\Rightarrow Zndư\\ n_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,3-\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,25.136=34\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

a) PTHH

Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl₂ + H_2↑

0,25    0,5        0,25         0,25

n_Zn= \(\dfrac{19,6}{65}\)= 0,3(mol)

n_HCl= \(\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}\)=0,5 (mol)

So sánh nZn và nHCl 

            0,3/1  >  0,5/2

b) =>Zn tác dụng dư; HCl tác dụng hết

n_{Zn dư}= 0,3-0,25=0,05(mol)

=> m_{Zn dư}= 0,05 x 65= 3,25(mol)

c) m_ZnCl2= 0,25 x 136=34(g)

V_H2= 0,25 x 22,4= 5,6 (l)

bạn từng câu lên sẽ dễ nhìn hơn 

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH : Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl₂ + H₂

           0,2      0,4                      0,2

Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\) => Fe đủ , HCl dư

\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)

11,2 g j bạn 

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,2.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)