M = 0

\(M=\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)\)

\(M=\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)(1-1)\)

\(M=\left(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right)\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2020^2}\right).0\)

\(M=0\)

Vì số bị trừ và số trừ gồm hai tích đảo ngược nhau nên M=0

Đặt \(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

Do x,y,z là các số thực dương nên ta biến đổi \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{x^2}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{y^2}}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{z^2}}}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x^2};b=\frac{1}{y^2};c=\frac{1}{z^2}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)thì \(xy+yz+zx=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}=1\)và \(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+a}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+b}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+c}}+a+b+c\)

Biến đổi biểu thức P=\(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a+1}}+\frac{a+1}{16}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b+1}}+\frac{b+1}{16}\right)\)\(+\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c+1}}+\frac{c+1}{16}\right)+\frac{15a}{16}+\frac{15b}{16}+\frac{15c}{b}-\frac{3}{16}\)

Áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cauchy ta có

\(P\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a+1}{64\left(a+1\right)}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b+1}{64\left(b+1\right)}}+3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c+1}{64\left(c+1\right)}}+\frac{15a}{16}+\frac{15b}{16}+\frac{15c}{16}-\frac{3}{16}\)

\(=\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)

Mặt khác ta có \(1=\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\Leftrightarrow abc\ge27\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot3\sqrt[3]{27}=\frac{33}{16}+\frac{15}{16}\cdot9=\frac{21}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c hay \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)

Giải:

a)  \(\dfrac{7}{x}< \dfrac{x}{4}< \dfrac{10}{x}\) 

\(\Rightarrow7< \dfrac{x^2}{4}< 10\) 

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{28}{4}< \dfrac{x^2}{4}< \dfrac{40}{4}\) 

\(\Rightarrow x^2=36\) 

\(\Rightarrow x=6\) 

b) \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{9^2}\) 

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}< \dfrac{1}{2.3}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}< \dfrac{1}{3.4}\) 

\(...\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{9^2}=\dfrac{1}{9.9}< \dfrac{1}{8.9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{8.9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}-\dfrac{1}{9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{1}-\dfrac{1}{9}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{8}{9}\left(1\right)\) 

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}=\dfrac{1}{2.2}>\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}=\dfrac{1}{3.3}>\dfrac{1}{3.4}\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{4^2}=\dfrac{1}{4.4}>\dfrac{1}{4.5}\) 

 \(...\) 

\(\dfrac{1}{9^2}=\dfrac{1}{9.9}>\dfrac{1}{9.10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{9.10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{10}\) 

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{2}{5}\left(2\right)\) 

Từ (1) và (2), ta có:

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}< A< \dfrac{8}{9}\left(đpcm\right)\)

????

a) \(\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}\ge\frac{2}{1+xy}\Leftrightarrow\frac{2+x^2+y^2}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge\frac{2}{1+xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2+x^2+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)\ge2\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2+2xy+x^2+x^3y+y^2+y^3x\ge2\left(x^2+y^2+x^2y^2+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3y+xy^3+2xy-x^2-y^2-2x^2y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(xy-1\right)\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)

2.

a) Ta có:

\(\frac{x+1}{10}+\frac{x+1}{11}+\frac{x+1}{12}=\frac{x+1}{13}+\frac{x+1}{14}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}\right)\)

Vì \(\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{11}+\frac{1}{12}\ne\frac{1}{13}+\frac{1}{14}\)nên \(x+1=0\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy x = -1

b) Ta có:

\(\frac{x+4}{2000}+\frac{x+3}{2001}=\frac{x+2}{2002}+\frac{x+1}{2003}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+4}{2000}+1+\frac{x+3}{2001}+1=\frac{x+2}{2002}+1+\frac{x+1}{2003}+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2004}{2000}+\frac{x+2004}{2001}=\frac{x+2004}{2002}+\frac{x+2004}{2003}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2004\right)\left(\frac{1}{2000}+\frac{1}{2001}\right)=\left(x+2004\right)\left(\frac{1}{2002}+\frac{1}{2003}\right)\)

Vì \(\frac{1}{2000}+\frac{1}{2001}\ne\frac{1}{2002}+\frac{1}{2003}\)nên \(x+2004=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2004\)

Vậy, x = -2004

Lời giải:

Với $x+y+z=0$ ta có:

\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}-\left(\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{2}{yz}+\frac{2}{xz}\right)\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2-\frac{2(x+y+z)}{xyz}\)

\(=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2}=\left|\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right|\)

Ta có đpcm.