Giải phương trình:
\(\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}=\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{x+z+2}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
giải các hệ phương trình sau:
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y+z}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{y}-\dfrac{y}{x}=\dfrac{5}{6}\\x^2-y^2=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{\sqrt{x-7}}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{y+6}}=\dfrac{13}{6}\\\dfrac{7}{\sqrt{x-7}}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{y+6}}=\dfrac{5}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dùng bđt cosi để giải hệ phương trình :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z\ge0\\x^3=y^2+z+2\\\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
$x,y,z>0$ thì $\frac{1}{x}, \frac{1}{y}, \frac{1}{z}$ mới xác định.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$(x+y+z)(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z})\geq 3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}=9$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$. Thay vào pt $(2)$:
$x^3=x^2+x+2$
$\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-x-2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2(x-2)+x(x-2)+(x-2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+x+1)(x-2)=0$
Dễ thấy $x^2+x+1>0$ với mọi $x>0$ nên $x-2=0$
$\Rightarrow x=2$
Vậy hpt có nghiệm $(x,y,z)=(2,2,2)$
Tìm x, y, z
\(\dfrac{x+y+2}{z}=\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-3}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
Áp dụng tích chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có
\(\dfrac{x+y+2}{z}=\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-3}{y}\\ =\dfrac{x+y+2+y+z+1+z+x-3}{z+x+y}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(1+2-3\right)}{z+x+y}=2\\ Vì\dfrac{x+y+2}{z}=\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{z+x-3}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\\ =>2=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=>2\left(x+y+z\right)=1=>x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ =>\dfrac{x+y+2}{z}=2=>x+y+2=2z\\ \dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=2=>y+z+1=2x\\ \dfrac{z+x-3}{y}=2=>z+x-3=2y\\ \dfrac{1}{x+y+z}=2=>x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
+) x+y+z = \(\dfrac{1}{2}=>y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-x=>\dfrac{1}{2}-x+1=2x=>3x=\dfrac{3}{2}=>x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
+)\(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}=>x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}-z=>\dfrac{1}{2}-z+2=2z=>3z=\dfrac{5}{2}=>z=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(=>x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{5}{6}+y=\dfrac{1}{2}=>\dfrac{4}{3}+y=\dfrac{1}{2}=>y=\dfrac{-5}{6}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ y=\dfrac{-5}{6}\\ z=\dfrac{5}{6}\)
Ê mấy bọn 7B Nguyễn Lương Bằng ơi bài 2 Toán chiều làm thế này đúng chưa! Góp ý nha!
Giải phương trình:
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Điều kiện: \(x\ge2012;y\ge2013;z\ge2014\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(x-2012\right)}-2}{2\left(x-2012\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+x-2012}{2}-2}{2\left(x-2012\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(y-2013\right)}-2}{2\left(y-2013\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+y-2013}{2}-2}{2\left(y-2013\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}=\dfrac{\sqrt{4\left(z-2014\right)}-2}{2\left(z-2014\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{4+z-2014}{2}-2}{2\left(z-2014\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế, ta được:
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2012}-1}{x-2012}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2013}-1}{y-2013}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-2014}-1}{z-2014}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=2016;y=2017;z=2018\)
Vậy....
Giải phương trình
\(\dfrac{1-\sqrt{x-2019}}{x-2019}+\dfrac{1-\sqrt{y-2020}}{y-2020}+\dfrac{1-\sqrt{z-2021}}{z-2021}+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
ĐKXĐ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x>2019\\y>2020\\z>2021\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2019}=a,......\)
Ta được PT : \(\dfrac{1-a}{a^2}+\dfrac{1-b}{b^2}+\dfrac{1-c}{c^2}+\dfrac{3}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}-\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}-\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}-\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
- Thấy : \(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0,......\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
- Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=2\\c=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thay lại a. b. c ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2019}=2\\\sqrt{y-2020}=2\\\sqrt{z-2021}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019=4\\y-2020=4\\z-2021=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2023\\y=2024\\z=2025\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )
Vậy ...
GIẢI HỆ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH
(GIẢI GIÚP EM VS MỌI NGƯỜI)
1, \(\begin{cases} x(y+z)=8 \\ y(x+z)=18\\ z(x+y)=20 \end{cases}\)
2, \(\begin{cases} \dfrac{xy}{x+y} =\dfrac{8}{3}\\ \dfrac{yz}{z+y} =\dfrac{12}{5}\\ \dfrac{xz}{x+z} =\dfrac{24}{7} \end{cases} \)
3, \(\begin{cases} x^{2} + 2yz=x\\ y^{2} + 2xz=y\\ z^{2} + 2xy=z\\ \end{cases}\)
4, \(\begin{cases} \dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z} =2\\ \dfrac{2}{xy} -\dfrac{1}{z^{2}} =4 \end{cases} \)
giải hệ phương trình sau : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\) với x, y ∈ Z
\(ĐK:x,y\ne0\\ HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}=4\\\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=2\\\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+1=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
Giải hệ phương trình sau : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{2y}{2-y}=1\\\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{y}{2-y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) với x, y ∈ Z
\(ĐK:x\ne-1;y\ne2\\ HPT\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{2-y}=-1\\\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{2y}{2-y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0y=-2\left(vn\right)\\\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{2y}{2-y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x,y\in\varnothing\)
Đặt x/x+1=a
y/2-y=b
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+2b=1\\a+b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-1\\a=2-b=2-\left(-1\right)=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3x+3\\y=y-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(x,y\right)\in\varnothing\)
Tìm x,y,z:
\(\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}\)=\(\dfrac{x+z+2}{y}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}\)=\(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng TCDTSBN:
$\frac{1}{x+y+z}=\frac{y+z+1}{x}=\frac{x+z+2}{y}=\frac{x+y-3}{z}=\frac{y+z+1+x+z+2+x+y-3}{x+y+z}=\frac{2(x+y+z)}{x+y+z}=2$
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\\ y+z+1=2x\\ x+z+2=2y\\ x+y-3=2z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x+y+z=\frac{1}{2}\\ x+y+z+1=3x\\ x+y+z+2=3y\\ x+y+z-3=3z\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2}+1=3x\\ \frac{1}{2}+2=3y\\ \frac{1}{2}-3=3z\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=\frac{1}{2}\\ y=\frac{5}{6}\\ z=\frac{-5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Tìm x, y, z biết rằng:
a) \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{z+x+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=x+y+z\)
b)\(\dfrac{y+z+1}{x}=\dfrac{z+x+2}{y}=\dfrac{x+y-3}{z}+=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
a) Với \(x+y+z=0\) ta tìm được \(\left(x;y;z\right)\rightarrow\left(0;0;0\right)\)
Với \(x+y+z\ne0\) áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}=\dfrac{y}{z+x+1}=\dfrac{z}{x+y-2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Hay: \(x+y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-x\\x+z=\dfrac{1}{2}-y\\x+y=\dfrac{1}{2}-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào đề bài ta được:
\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{2}-x+1}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{2}-y+1}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{2}-z-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) Dễ dàng tìm được x;y;z
b) Theo đề bài ta có sẵn x+y+z khác 0
Áp dụng dãy tỉ số rồi làm tương tự câu a