\(4Al+3O2-->2Al2O3\)

\(2Mg+O2-->2MgO\)

\(n_{O2}=\frac{16,8}{22,4}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Al}=\frac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O2\left(1\right)}=\frac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O2\left(2\right)}=0,75-0,375=0,375\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{Mg}=2n_{O2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,75.24=18\left(g\right)\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\frac{13,5}{13,5+18}.100\%=42,86\%\)

\(2Mg+O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\\ 4Al+3O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} 24.n_{Mg}+27.n_{Al}=5,1\\ 0,5.n_{Mg}+0,75.n_{Al}=n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{22,4}=0,125 \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \begin{cases} n_{Mg}=0,1(mol)\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1(mol) \end{cases}\\ \Rightarrow \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\%\approx 47,06\%\)

Bài 1 :

\(n_{Na}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Na+O_2\rightarrow2Na_2O\)

..0,1....0,025....0,05.......

a, \(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=0,56\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m=m_{Na_2o}=n.M=3,1\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2 :

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

..0,1...0,075...

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

Mà : \(\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(Mg\right)}=0,4-0,075=0,325\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

.0,65.....0,325........

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=15,6\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=2,7+15,6=18,3\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~14,75\\\%Mg=~85,25\end{matrix}\right.\) %

Bài 3 :

- Gọi số mol Al và Mg lần lượt là x , y

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

..x....0,75x

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

..y........0,5y...........

Có : \(n_{O_2}=0,75x+0,5y=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\left(I\right)\)

Lại có : \(m_{hh}=m_{Al}+m_{Mg}=27x+24y=3,9\left(II\right)\)

- Giair ( i ) và ( ii ) ta được : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=~69,23\\\%Mg=~30,77\end{matrix}\right.\) %

Vậy ...

PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)  (1)

            \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)  (2)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,075\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=1,425\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=2,85\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,85\cdot24}{2,85\cdot24+2,7}\cdot100\%\approx96,2\%\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}=3,8\%\) 

\(n_{O_2} =\dfrac{33,6}{22,4} = 1,5(mol)\\ n_{Al} = \dfrac{2,7}{27} = 0,1(mol)\\ 2Mg + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2MgO\\ 4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3\\ n_{O_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg} + \dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}\\ \Rightarrow n_{Mg} = 2,85(mol)\)

Vậy :

\(\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{2,85.24}{2,85.24 + 2,7}.100\% = 96,2\%\\ \%m_{Al} = 100\% - 96,2\% = 3,8\%\)

PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2MgO\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{2,7+0,15.24}.100\%\approx42,86\%\\\%m_{Mg}\approx57,14\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

4Al + 3O2 => 2Al2O3

2Mg + O2 => 2MgO

giải hệ 27x+24y= 15,6

0,75x+0,5y= 0,4

=> x= 0,4 ;y= 0,2

=> mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)

%Al = \(\frac{10,8}{15,6}.100\%=69,23\%\)

=> %Mg = 100%- 69,23% = 30,77%

`4Al + 3O_2` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `2Al_2 O_3`

`0,2`    `0,15`                                `(mol)`

`2Mg + O_2` $\xrightarrow{t^o}$ `2MgO`

`1,5`     `0,75`                               `(mol)`

`n_[Al]=[5,4]/27=0,2(mol)`

`n_[O_2]=[16,8]/[22,4]=0,75(mol)`

 `=>m_[hh]=0,2.27+1,5.24=41,4(g)`

`=>%m_[Al]=[5,4]/[41,4].100~~13,04%`

`=>%m_[Mg]~~100-13,04~~86,96%`

\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 

\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow2MgO\)

\(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Mg}+\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,2\left(1\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(24n_{Mg}+27n_{Al}=7,8\left(2\right)\)

Giải hệ hai phương trình (1) và (2) ta được:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{7,8}.100\%=30,77\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,2.27}{7,8}.100\%=69,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)