16)  Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.

>> Because of her sickness, Mary didn’t go to school yesterday 

17)  She went to bed early because she felt tired.

>>Because of feeling tired,  She went to bed early 

18)  Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.

>> Because of her mother's sickness, Margaret stayed at home

19)  I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

>> Because of the difficult test, I couldn’t do the test 

20)   I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.

>> Because of the darkness, I couldn’t read the letter 

21)   I can’t study because it is noisy.

>> Because of the noise, I can’t study 

22)  The train come late because it was foggy.

>> Because of the fog, The train come late 

23)   The train was late because the fog was thick.

>> Because of the thick fog, The train was late

24)  I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.

>> Because of the hot weather, I can’t sleep

25)  All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.

>> Because of his good conduct, All the teacher love him

26)  Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.

>> Because of the traffic accident, I went to school late.

27)  Because there is a  shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.

>> Because of a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.

28)  Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.

>> Because of  a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.

29)  She walked slowly because her leg was injured.

>> Because of her injured leg, She walked slowly

30)  Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.

>> Because of the sunny weather, we decided to go camping.

Rewrite the following sentences:

Peter did not go to school yesterday because he was sick.

==> Because of his sickness, Peter did not go to school yesterday.

Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

==> Because of feeling tired, Mary went to bed early.

Rewrite the following sentences:

Peter did not go to school yesterday because he was sick.

==> Because of ..Peter's sickness, he did not go to school yesterday.....

Mary went to bed early because she felt tired.

==> Because of ....feeling tired, Mary went to bed early......

1. He isn't happy although he is very rich DESPITE

Despite being very rich, he isn't happy

2. Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied INSPITE OF

In spite of getting a good job, he was not satisfied

3. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick BECAUSE OF

Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness

4. She went to bed early because she felt tired BECAUSE OF

Because of feeling tired, she went to bed early

5. I can't sleep because the weather is hot BECAUSE OF

I can't sleep because of the hot weather

Change clauses of reas on to phrases: 1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick. ..Because of Mary's sickness , she didn't go to school yesterday ...

2. She went to bed early because she felt tired. ..She went to bed early because of feeling tired ...

3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold ...Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of having a bad cold ..

4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically. ..John succeeded in his exam because of his hard and methodically work..

5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick. ..Margaret stayed home because of her mother 's sickness....

6. I like him because his father is kind to me. .... I like him because of his father 's kindness.

7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green. ...I can't eat these fruits because of being green..

8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult. .I couldn’t do the test because of its dificulty...

9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark. .. I couldn’t read the letter because of the darkness.

10. He came late because it rained heavily .... He came late because of the heavy rain...

Change clauses of reas on to phrases:

1. Mary didn't go to school yesterday because she was sick.

=> Mary didn't go to school yesterday because of her sickness

2. She went to bed early because she felt tired.

=> She went to bed early because of her tiredness

3.Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because she had a bad cold

=> Ann didn't go to the circus with Betty because of her bad cold

4. John succeeded in his exam because he worked hard and methodically.

=> John succeeded in his exam because of working hard and methodically.

5. Margaret stayed home because her mother was sick.

=> Margaret stayed home because of her mother’s sickness

6. I like him because his father is kind to me.

=> Because of the kind of his father, I like him.

7. I can't eat these fruits because they are green.

=> Because of green fruits, I can't eat them.

8. I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.

=> Because of its difficulty, I couldn't do the test .

9. I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.

=> Because of the darkness , I couldn’t read the letter .

10. He came late because it rained heavily

=> Because of the heavy rain, He came late .

2. Since/As the wind is strong, I cannot go out Because of …………………………the strong wind, I cannot go out…………………………………. 3. Because she was sick, she didn’t go to work yesterday Because of……………………being sick, she didn't go to school………………………………………. 4. Because they left early, they didn’t eat dinner Due to ……………their early leaving, they didn''t eat dinner………………………………………………. 5. Because there was a strong storm, some house was destroyed Owing to the fact that ………there was a strong storm, some house was destroyed …………………………………

B

1. It was necessary for her to preapre for the interview but she didn’t

-> She …should have prepared for the interview  …………………………………………………………………………

2. I am sure she was sick yesterday because she didn’t go to school.

->……She could have been sick yesterday because he didn't..………………………………………………………………………

3. It was wrong of you to trust him .

->You were wrong to trust him………………………………………………………………………

4. I am having your brother repaint my house . ( repainted )

=> ................I am having my house repainted by your brother............................................................................................................

5. She phoned him as soon as she arrived at the airport .

=> Hardly ...had she arrived at the airport when I phoned her............................................................................................................

1. Because she was old, she retired.

Because of ……being old, she retired. ……………………………………………………………

2. Because she was sick, she went to bed early

Because of ……being sick,.she went to bed early ………………………………………….………………

3. We had a punishment because we got bad marks

Because of …getting bad marks, We had a punishment……………………………………………………………….………………

4. Tom failed the exam because of his laziness

Because …he was lazy,  Tom failed the exam…………………………………………………………………….………………

5. Because it rained heavily, we didn’t go on a picnic

Because of …the heavy rain, we didn’t go on a picnic……………………………………………………………………………

6. Because of her age, she could’t work all day.

Because …she was old, she could’t work all day.………………………………………………………………….………………

7. Because he drove badly, he caused many accidents

Because of ……driving badly, he caused many accidents………………………………………………………..………………

8. Because Mary got up late, she missed the last train

Because of …getting up late, she missed the last train ……………………………………………………………..………………

1.We went on a picnic although the weather was cold

Despite………the cold weather, We went on a picnic……………………………………………………………………….

2. Even though he came late, he still saw all the film

Inspite of………coming late, he still saw all the film ……………………………………………………………………….

3.Although she is old, she does morning exercises every day

despite…being old, she does morning exercises every day…………………………………………………………………….

4. Although they were poor, the children seemed very happy

Inspite of…being poor, the children seemed very happy…………………………………………………………………….

5. Although she was succesful, she felt dissatisfied

Inspite …of beung successful, she felt dissatisfied……………………………………………………………………………….

6. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert

Inspite of……of taking a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert………………………………………………………………….

7. In spite of his laziness, he passed the exam easily

Though…he was lazy,he passed the exam easily ………………………………………………………………………………

8. Despite of her sickness, she went to school

Even thoughshe was sick, she went to school…………………………………………………………………..

9. In spite of being late, he still saw the beginning of the show

………Although he was late, he still saw the beginning of the show………………………………………………………………..

10. Despite of the rain, we went on a picnic in the park ……

Although it rained…,  we went on a picnic in the park ……………………………………………………………………………..

11. Despite her dislike for coffee, she drank it

………Although she dislikes coffee, she drank it………………………………………………………………………………….

1. Because she was old, she retired. Because of ……being old,she retired……………………………………………………………… 2. Because she was sick, she went to bed early Because of her sickness, she went to bed early ……………………………………………….……………… 3. We had a punishment because we got bad marks Because of getting bad marks, We had a punishment………………………………………………………………….……………… 4. Tom failed the exam because of his laziness Because Tom was lazy,he failed the exam……………………………………………………………………….……………… 5. Because it rained heavily, we didn’t go on a picnic Because of the heavy rain,we didn't go on a picnic……………………………………………………………………………… 6. Because of her age, she could’t work all day. Because she was old,she could’t work all day…………………………………………………………………….……………… 7. Because he drove badly, he caused many accidents Because of driving badly, he caused many accidents……………………………………………………………..……………… 8. Because Mary got up late, she missed the last train Because of getting up late, she missed the last train………………………………………………………………..……………… 1.We went on a picnic although the weather was cold Despite……the cold weather,We went on a picnic …………………………………………………………………………. 2. Even though he came late, he still saw all the film Inspite of……coming late , he still saw all the film …………………………………………………………………………. 3.Although she is old, she does morning exercises every day despite……her age,she does morning exercises every day …………………………………………………………………. 4. Although they were poor, the children seemed very happy Inspite of their poverty,the children seemed very happy………………………………………………………………………. 5. Although she was succesful, she felt dissatisfied Inspite of being  succesful, she felt dissatisfied…………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert Inspite of……taking a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert …………………………………………………………………. 7. In spite of his laziness, he passed the exam easily Though…he was lazy,he passed the exam easily……………………………………………………………………………… 8. Despite of her sickness, she went to school Even though…she was sick, she went to school ……………………………………………………………….. 9. In spite of being late, he still saw the beginning of the show ………Although he was late, he still saw the beginning of the show……………………………………………………………….. 10. Despite of the rain, we went on a picnic in the park …………Although it rained heavily,we went on a picnic in the park…………………………………………………………………….. 11. Despite her dislike for coffee, she drank it ………Although  she didn't like coffee,she drank it……………………………………………………………………………

1. Because she was old, she retired.

Because of being old, she retired ……………………………………………………………………

2. Because she was sick, she went to bed early

Because of her sickness, she went to bed early……………………………………………….………………

3. We had a punishment because we got bad marks

Because of getting punished, we had a punishment ………………………………………………………………….………………

4. Tom failed the exam because of his laziness

Because Tom was lazy, hệ failed the exam……………………………………………………………………….………………

5. Because it rained heavily, we didn’t go on a picnic

Because of the heavy rain, we didn't go on a picnic………………………………………………………………………………

6. Because of her age, she could’t work all day.

Because she is old, she couldn't work all day…………………………………………………………………….………………

7. Because he drove badly, he caused many accidents

Because of driving badly, hệ caused many accidents……………………………………………………………..………………

8. Because Mary got up late, she missed the last train

Because of getting up late, Mary missed the last train ………………………………………………………………..………………

1.We went on a picnic although the weather was cold Despite the cold water, we went on a picnic……………………………………………………………………………….

2. Even though he came late, he still saw all the film

 Inspite of coming late, hệ still saw all the film………………………………………………………………………………. 3.Although she is old, she does morning exercises every day despite being old, she does morning exercises every day……………………………………………………………………….

4. Although they were poor, the children seemed very happy

Inspite of their poverty, thế children seemed very happy……………………………………………………………………….

5. Although she was succesful, she felt dissatisfied

Inspite of her success, she felt dissatisfied…………………………………………………………………………………. 6. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert

Inspite of taking a tãi, , Bill still late for the concert……………………………………………………………………….

7. In spite of his laziness, he passed the exam easily Though he was lazy, hệ passed the exam easily…………………………………………………………………………………

8. Despite of her sickness, she went to school

Even though she was sick, she went to school…………………………………………………………………..

9. In spite of being late, he still saw the beginning of the show

Although he was late, he still.....show………………………………………………………………………..

10. Despite of the rain, we went on a picnic in the park Although ít rained, we..........the park………………………………………………………………………………..

11. Despite her dislike for coffee, she drank it

 Although she disliked coffee, she drank it……………………………………………………………