Gọi \(n_{H_2}=x\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

 \(\dfrac{2}{3}x\)                                                   x     ( mol )

\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)

\(x\)                                             x         ( mol )

\(a:b=\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{3}x.27}{65x}=\dfrac{18x}{65x}=\dfrac{18}{65}\)

Đặt nH₂ là x(mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ -----> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

               _{2x/3                                                          x}

m_Al= 2x/3 . 27= 18x (g)

PTHH: Mg + H₂SO₄ -------> MgSO₄ + H₂

                _{x                                                         x}

m_Mg= 1x . 24= 24x (g)

Theo tỉ lệ: a/b= 18x/24x= 3/4

$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$

$Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2$

$n_{Al} = \dfrac{a}{27} (mol) \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = \dfrac{a}{18}(mol)$

$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{b}{65}(mol) \Rightarrow n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{b}{65}(mol)$

$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a}{18} = \dfrac{b}{65}$
$\Rightarrow \dfrac{a}{b} = \dfrac{18}{65}$

2Al+6HCl-->2AlCl3+3H2   (1)

Zn+2HCl-->ZnCl2+H2    (2)

Gọi số mol của H2 ở 2 pt là a(mol)

Số mol của Al là: 

nAl=2/3nH2=2/3.a(mol)

K/lượng của Al là: 

m=n.M=2/3a.27=18a(g)

Số mol của Zn là:

nZn=nH2=a(mol)

K/lượng của Zn là:

m=n.M=a.65(g)

Tỉ lệ a,b là:

a/b=mAl/mZn=18a/65a=18/65

Vậy tỉ lệ a/b là 18/65

Giả sử có 1 mol \(H_2\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

 \(\dfrac{2}{3}\)              1                                   1     ( mol )

\(m_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.27=18g\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1.98=98g\)

\(a:b=\dfrac{18}{98}=\dfrac{9}{49}\)

TN1: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m_1}{56}\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m_1}{56}\left(mol\right)\)

TN2: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_2}{27}\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{m_2}{18}\left(mol\right)\)

Mà: \(V_2=1,5V_1\Rightarrow\dfrac{V_1}{V_2}=\dfrac{1}{1,5}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{n_1}{n_2}=\dfrac{n_{H_2\left(Fe\right)}}{n_{H_2\left(Al\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\dfrac{m_1}{56}}{\dfrac{m_2}{18}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{m_1}{m_2}=\dfrac{56}{27}\)

\(2Al+6HCl->2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ Zn+2HCl->ZnCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ Fe+H_2SO_4->FeSO_4+H_2\\ Zn+H_2SO_4->ZnSO_4+H_2\\ n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Zn}=3a\left(mol\right)\\ m_X=27,8=a\left(27+56\right)+3a.65\\ a=0,1\\ n_{HCl}=0,375.0,8=0,3mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45mol\\ n_{H^{^+}}=0,3+0,9=1,2mol\\ BT.e^{^{ }-}:3n_{Al}+2n_{Fe}+2n_{Zn}=3a+2a+6a=1,1mol\\ 2n_{H_2}=4n_{H^{^+}}=4,8mol\\ 1,1< 4,8\Rightarrow X:pư.hết\\ 2n_{H_2}=1,1\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,55mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,55.22,4=12,32L\)

Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

_ Khi tác dụng với HCl.

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2a + 2b + 3d = 0,45.2 ⇒ 2a + 2b + 3d = 0,9 (1)

_ Khi tác dụng với H₂SO₄ đặc nóng.

Ta có: \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\)

Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 2a + 2b + 2c + 3d = 0,475.2

⇒ 2a + 2b - 2c + 3d = 0,95 (2)

Trừ 2 vế của (1) và (2), có: c = 0,025 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,025.64}{14,7}.100\%\approx10,88\%\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=b\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=c\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=d\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{10,64}{22,4}=0,475\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn electron: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b+2c+3d=0,475\cdot2\\2a+2b+3d=0,45\cdot2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2c=0,475\cdot2-0,45\cdot2=0,05\) \(\Rightarrow c=0,025\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{0,025\cdot64}{14,7}\cdot100\%\approx10,88\%\)

a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau

=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)

Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

             a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a

            Zn + H₂SO₄ --> ZnSO₄ + H₂

             b----->b--------->b----->b

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> 171a = 161b 

=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)

Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)

b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)

(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)

=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)