ĐKXĐ: \(a,b,c\ne0\)

\(\left(a+b+c\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2013.\dfrac{1}{2013}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1+1+1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2c+a^2b+b^2c+ab^2+bc^2+ac^2+2abc}{abc}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2c+a^2b+b^2c+ab^2+bc^2+ac^2+2abc=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(a+b\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a+b\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-b\\b=-c\\c=-a\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mà \(a+b+c=2013\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2013\\b=2013\\c=2013\end{matrix}\right.\)(đpcm)

Lời giải:

Từ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=0\Rightarrow ab+bc+ac=0\)

\(\Rightarrow 0=(ab+bc+ac)^2=a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2+2abc(a+b+c)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2=0\)

Hiển nhiên \(a^2b^2,b^2c^2,c^2a^2\geq 0\rightarrow a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\geq 0\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(ab=bc=ac=0\)

Vì vậy, không thể có TH \(a,b,c\neq 0\), do đó đề bài sai.

Lời giải:

Vì \(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}=\frac{b}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3}{c^3}=\frac{c^3}{b^3}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}=\frac{a^3+c^3-b^3}{c^3+b^3-d^3}(1)\) (theo tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)

Mặt khác:

\(\frac{a}{c}=\frac{c}{b}=\frac{b}{d}\Rightarrow \frac{a}{c}.\frac{a}{c}.\frac{a}{c}=\frac{a}{c}.\frac{c}{b}.\frac{b}{d}\)

Hay \(\frac{a^3}{c^3}=\frac{a}{d}(2)\)

Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow \frac{a^3+c^3-b^3}{c^3+b^3-d^3}=\frac{a}{d}\) (đpcm)

Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\dfrac{ab+ac}{2}=\dfrac{bc+ba}{3}=\dfrac{ca+cb}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{ab+ac+bc+ba-ca-cb}{2+3-4}=\dfrac{2ab}{1}\) \(\left(1\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{bc+cb+bc+ba-ab-ac}{3+4-2}=\dfrac{2bc}{5}\left(2\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{ab+ac+ca+cb-bc-ba}{2+4-3}=\dfrac{2ac}{3}\)\(\left(3\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)+\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2ab}{1}=\dfrac{2bc}{5}=\dfrac{2ac}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{2ab}{1}=\dfrac{2bc}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{1}=\dfrac{c}{15}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{c}{15}\left(I\right)\)

\(\dfrac{2bc}{5}=\dfrac{2ac}{3}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{a}{3}\left(II\right)\)

Từ \(\left(I\right)+\left(II\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{3}=\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{c}{15}\left(đpcm\right)\)

          \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)

          \(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{b}{d}\)

   \(\dfrac{a}{c}\)  =  \(\dfrac{5a}{5c}\) = \(\dfrac{3b}{3d}\) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

      \(\dfrac{a}{c}\) =   \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) (1) 

       \(\dfrac{a}{c}\) = \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\)  (2)

Kết hợp (1) và (2) ta có:

       \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5c+3d}\) =  \(\dfrac{5a-3b}{5c-3d}\) 

⇒   \(\dfrac{5a+3b}{5a-3b}\) =  \(\dfrac{5c+3d}{5c-3d}\) (đpcm)

b;   \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) 

      \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) =  \(\dfrac{3a}{3b}\) = \(\dfrac{2c}{2d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

     \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{3a+2c}{3b+2d}\) (đpcm)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - schwarz dưới dạng engel ta có :

\(\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{4,5}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}\)