`|2x+1|-3=x+4`

`<=>|2x+1|=x+4+3=x+7(x>=-7)`

`**2x+1=x+7`

`<=>x=7-1=6(tm)`

`**2x+1=-x-7`

`<=>3x=-6`

`<=>x=-2(tm)`

`|3x-5|=1-3x(x<=1/3)`

`**3x-5=1-3x`

`<=>6x=6`

`<=>x=1(l)`

`**3x-5=3x-1`

`<=>-5=-1` vô lý

`|2x+2|+|x-1|=10`

Nếu `x>=1`

`pt<=>2x+2+x-1=10`

`<=>3x+1=10`

`<=>3x=9`

`<=>x=3(tm)`

Nếu `x<=-1`

`pt<=>-2x-2+1-x=10`

`<=>-1-3x=10`

`<=>-11=3x`

`<=>x=-11/3(tm)`

Nếu `-1<=x<=1`

`pt<=>2x+2+1-x=10`

`<=>x+3=10`

`<=>x=7(l)`

Vậy `S={3,-11/3}`

d) 

+) Với \(x< -4\), PT \(\Rightarrow3-x-x-4-2x-6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{17}{4}\)  (Nhận)

+) Với \(-4\le x\le-3\), PT \(\Rightarrow3-x+x+4-2x-6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{9}{2}\) (Loại)

+) Với \(-3< x\le3\), PT \(\Rightarrow3-x+x+4+2x+6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Nhận)

+) Với \(x>3\), PT \(\Rightarrow x+3+x+4+2x+6=10\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\) (Loại)

  Vậy \(x\in\left\{-\dfrac{3}{2};-\dfrac{17}{4}\right\}\) 

a) x³-1-(x²+2x)(x-2)=5

⇔ x³-1-x³+4x=5

⇔ 4x=6

⇔ \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

a) \(6x^2-2x-6x^2+13=0\\ -2x=-13\\ x=\dfrac{13}{2}\)

b: =>2x-2x-1=x-6x

=>-5x=-1

hay x=1/5

Lời giải:
a. 

$2x(3x-1)=6x^2-13$

$\Leftrightarrow 6x^2-2x=6x^2-13$

$\Leftrightarrow 2x=13$

$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{13}{2}$

b. 

$\frac{x}{3}-\frac{2x+1}{6}=\frac{x}{6}-x$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{2x-(2x+1)}{6}=\frac{-5}{6}x$

$\Leftrightarrow \frac{-1}{6}=\frac{-5}{6}x$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{6}: \frac{-5}{6}=\frac{1}{5}$

a: \(x\left(x-3\right)+2x-6=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b: \(\left(x+1\right)^2-4\left(x+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 10:

a: 2x-3 là bội của x+1

=>\(2x-3⋮x+1\)

=>\(2x+2-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(-5⋮x+1\)

=>\(x+1\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{0;-2;4;-6\right\}\)

b: x-2 là ước của 3x-2

=>\(3x-2⋮x-2\)

=>\(3x-6+4⋮x-2\)

=>\(4⋮x-2\)

=>\(x-2\inƯ\left(4\right)\)

=>\(x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)

=>\(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0;6;-2\right\}\)

Bài 14:

a: \(4n-5⋮2n-1\)

=>\(4n-2-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(-3⋮2n-1\)

=>\(2n-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(2n-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

=>\(2n\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{1;0;2;-1\right\}\)

mà n>=0

nên \(n\in\left\{1;0;2\right\}\)

b: \(n^2+3n+1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n^2+n+2n+2-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n\left(n+1\right)+2\left(n+1\right)-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(-1⋮n+1\)

=>\(n+1\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\)

=>\(n\in\left\{0;-2\right\}\)

mà n là số tự nhiên

nên n=0

Bài 16:

a: \(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=15\)

=>\(\left(x+5\right)\left(y-3\right)=1\cdot15=15\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-15\right)=\left(-15\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)=3\cdot5=5\cdot3=\left(-3\right)\cdot\left(-5\right)=\left(-5\right)\cdot\left(-3\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+5;y-3\right)\in\left\{\left(1;15\right);\left(15;1\right);\left(-1;-15\right);\left(-15;-1\right);\left(3;5\right);\left(5;3\right);\left(-3;-5\right);\left(-5;-3\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(-4;18\right);\left(10;4\right);\left(-6;-12\right);\left(-20;2\right);\left(-2;8\right);\left(0;6\right);\left(-8;-2\right);\left(-10;0\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(10;4\right);\left(0;6\right)\right\}\)

b: x là số tự nhiên

=>2x-1 lẻ và 2x-1>=-1

\(\left(2x-1\right)\left(y+2\right)=24\)

mà 2x-1>=-1 và 2x-1 lẻ

nên \(\left(2x-1\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-24\right)=1\cdot24=3\cdot8\)

=>\(\left(2x-1;y+2\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-24\right);\left(1;24\right);\left(3;8\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(2x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(2;22\right);\left(4;6\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;-26\right);\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(1;11\right);\left(2;6\right)\right\}\)

c:

x,y là các số tự nhiên

=>x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

xy+2x+3y=0

=>\(xy+2x+3y+6=6\)

=>\(x\left(y+2\right)+3\left(y+2\right)=6\)

=>\(\left(x+3\right)\left(y+2\right)=6\)

mà x+3>=3 và y+2>=2

nên \(\left(x+3\right)\cdot\left(y+2\right)=3\cdot2\)

=>x=0 và y=0

d: xy+x+y=30

=>\(xy+x+y+1=31\)

=>\(x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)=31\)

=>\(\left(x+1\right)\left(y+1\right)=31\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\cdot\left(y+1\right)=1\cdot31=31\cdot1=\left(-1\right)\cdot\left(-31\right)=\left(-31\right)\cdot\left(-1\right)\)

=>\(\left(x+1;y+1\right)\in\left\{\left(1;31\right);\left(31;1\right);\left(-1;-31\right);\left(-31;-1\right)\right\}\)

=>\(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right);\left(-2;-32\right);\left(-32;-2\right)\right\}\)

mà (x,y) là cặp số tự nhiên

nên \(\left(x,y\right)\in\left\{\left(0;30\right);\left(30;0\right)\right\}\)

\(a,3\left(2x-3\right)+2\left(2-x\right)=-3\\ \Leftrightarrow6x-9+4-2x=-3\\ \Leftrightarrow4x=2\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ b,x\left(5-2x\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)=13\\ \Leftrightarrow5x-2x^2+2x^2-2x=13\\ \Leftrightarrow3x=13\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{13}{3}\\ c,5x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x+2\right)\left(5x-7\right)=6\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2-5x-5x^2-3x+14=6\\ \Leftrightarrow-8x=-8\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1\\ d,3x\left(2x+3\right)-\left(2x+5\right)\left(3x-2\right)=8\\ \Leftrightarrow6x^2+9x-6x^2-11x+10=8\\ \Leftrightarrow-2x=-2\\ \Leftrightarrow x=1\)

\(e,2\left(5x-8\right)-3\left(4x-5\right)=4\left(3x-4\right)+11\\ \Leftrightarrow10x-16-12x+15=12x-16+11\\ \Leftrightarrow-14x=-4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\\ f,2x\left(6x-2x^2\right)+3x^2\left(x-4\right)=8\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-4x^3+3x^3-12x^2=8\\ \Leftrightarrow-x^3-8=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-\left(x^3+8\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-2x+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x\in\varnothing\left(x^2-2x+4=\left(x-1\right)^2+3>0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 4:

a: Ta có: \(3\left(2x-3\right)-2\left(x-2\right)=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x-9-2x+4=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x=2\)

hay \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

b: Ta có: \(x\left(5-2x\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x-2x^2+2x^2-2x=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x=13\)

hay \(x=\dfrac{13}{3}\)

c: Ta có: \(5x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x+2\right)\left(5x-7\right)=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-5x-5x^2+7x-10x+14=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8x=-8\)

hay x=1

a/ \(3\left(2x-3\right)+2\left(2-x\right)=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x-9+4-2x=-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x=2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy: \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

===========

b/ \(x\left(5-2x\right)+2x\left(x-1\right)=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x-2x^2+2x^2-2x=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x=13\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{13}{3}\)

Vậy: \(x=\dfrac{13}{3}\)

==========

c/  \(5x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x+2\right)\left(5x-7\right)=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-5x-5x^2+7x-10x+14=6\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8x=-8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

Vậy: \(x=1\)

==========

d/ \(3x\left(2x+3\right)-\left(2x+5\right)\left(3x-2\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6x^2+9x-6x^2+4x-15x+10=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)

Vậy: \(x=1\)

==========

e/ \(2\left(5x-8\right)-3\left(4x-5\right)=4\left(3x-4\right)+11\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10x-16-12x+15=12x-16+11\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-14x=-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{7}\)

Vậy: \(x=\dfrac{2}{7}\)

==========

f/ \(2x\left(6x-2x^2\right)+3x^2\left(x-4\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow12x^2-4x^3+3x^3-12x^2=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x^3=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)

Vậy: \(x=-2\)

\(c,\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-2\left(x+2\right)+\left(4-x\right)=11\left(x< -2\right)\\2\left(x+2\right)+\left(4-x\right)=11\left(-2\le x\le4\right)\\2\left(x+2\right)+\left(x-4\right)=11\left(x>4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{11}{3}\left(tm\right)\\x=3\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{11}{3}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-\dfrac{11}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{5}{2}=3x+1\\x+\dfrac{5}{2}=-3x-1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\x=-\dfrac{7}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b,\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}6-2x-x-3=8\left(x\le-3\right)\\6-2x+x+3=8\left(-3\le x\le3\right)\\2x-6+x+3=8\left(x>3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-5}{3}\left(ktm\right)\\x=1\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{11}{3}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\dfrac{11}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a,ĐK:x\ge3\\ PT\Leftrightarrow x-3=5\Leftrightarrow x=8\left(tm\right)\\ b,ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\\ PT\Leftrightarrow2x-1=3\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\\ c,Vì.\sqrt{1-x}\ge0>-1.nên.pt.vô.nghiệm\\ d,PT\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\1-x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\sqrt{x-3}=5\) (1)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge3\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x-3=25\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=28\) (nhận)

Vậy \(x=28\)

b) \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{3}\)   (2)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow2x-1=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) (nhận)

Vậy \(x=2\)

c) \(\sqrt{1-x}=-1\)

Không tìm được \(x\) vì \(\sqrt{1-x}\ge0\) (với mọi \(x\le1\))

d) \(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}=1\)   (3)

ĐKXĐ: Với mọi \(x\in R\)

\(\left(3\right)\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\) (khi \(x\ge1\)) hoặc \(1-x=1\) (khi \(x< 1\))

* \(x-1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\) (nhận)

* \(1-x=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=0\) (nhận)

Vậy \(x=0;x=2\)