\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-1;1\right)\) nên pt AB có dạng:

\(1\left(x-2\right)+1\left(y-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x+y-5=0\)

Do I thuộc AB nên tọa độ có dạng: \(I\left(a;5-a\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{IA}=\left(2-a;a-2\right)\\\overrightarrow{IB}=\left(1-a;a-1\right)\\\overrightarrow{IC}=\left(-1-a;a-10\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IA}+3\overrightarrow{IB}+5\overrightarrow{IC}=\left(-9a;9a-55\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{IA}+3\overrightarrow{IB}+5\overrightarrow{IC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(9a\right)^2+\left(55-9a\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(9a+55-9a\right)^2}=\dfrac{55}{\sqrt{2}}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(9a=55-9a\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{55}{18}\Rightarrow I\left(\dfrac{55}{18};\dfrac{35}{18}\right)\)

Kiểm tra lại tính toán

Do M thuộc Ox, gọi tọa độ M có dạng \(M\left(m;0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(1-m;-4\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(4-m;5\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-m;-9\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(9-3m;6\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(4-2m;-4\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(Q=2\sqrt{\left(9-3m\right)^2+6^2}+3\sqrt{\left(4-2m\right)^2+\left(-4\right)^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(6m-18\right)^2+12^2}+\sqrt{\left(12-6m\right)^2+12^2}\)

\(=\sqrt{\left(18-6m\right)^2+12^2}+\sqrt{\left(6m-12\right)^2+12^2}\)

\(Q\ge\sqrt{\left(18-6m+6m-12\right)^2+\left(12+12\right)^2}=6\sqrt{17}\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b=-11\)

Gọi G là trọng tâm tam giác ABC

\(x_G=\dfrac{x_A+x_B+x_C}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3};y_G=\dfrac{y_A+y_B+y_C}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\left|3\overrightarrow{MG}\right|=3MG\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\) nhỏ nhất khi \(3MG\) nhỏ nhất

\(\Leftrightarrow M\) là hình chiếu của \(G\) trên trục tung

\(\Leftrightarrow M\left(0;\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right|\le3MG=1\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(M\left(0;\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Tung độ \(y_M=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5=2x+1.y\\12=3.x-4.y\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{32}{11}\\y=-\dfrac{9}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)

(1); vecto u=2*vecto a-vecto b

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot1-0=2\\y=2\cdot\left(-4\right)-2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)

(2): vecto u=-2*vecto a+vecto b

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\cdot\left(-7\right)+4=18\\y=-2\cdot3+1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

(3): vecto a=2*vecto u-5*vecto v

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\cdot\left(-5\right)-5\cdot0=-10\\b=2\cdot4-5\cdot\left(-3\right)=15+8=23\end{matrix}\right.\)

(4): vecto OM=(x;y)

2 vecto OA-5 vecto OB=(-18;37)

=>x=-18; y=37

=>x+y=19

M thuộc d nên: \(a-2b-2=0\Rightarrow2b=a-2\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-a;1-b\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(3-a;4-b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(3-2a;5-2b\right)=\left(3-2a;9-2a\right)\)

Đặt \(T=\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\sqrt{\left(3-2a\right)^2+\left(9-2a\right)^2}=\sqrt{8a^2-48a+90}=\sqrt{8\left(a-3\right)^2+18}\ge\sqrt{18}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a-3=0\Leftrightarrow a=3\Rightarrow b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Gọi \(M\left(x;0\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{MA}=\left(-x;1\right)\\\overrightarrow{MB}=\left(1-x;3\right)\\\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2-x;2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}=\left(-2x+4;5\right)\)

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+2\overrightarrow{MB}-\overrightarrow{MC}\right|=\sqrt{\left(-2x+4\right)^2+5}\ge\sqrt{5}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(-2x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\Rightarrow M\left(2;0\right)\)

Talet: \(\dfrac{KM}{AK}=\dfrac{DM}{AB}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow KM=\dfrac{1}{3}AK\Rightarrow KM=\dfrac{1}{4}AM\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AM}\) 

Mà \(\overrightarrow{AM}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{DM}=\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{KM}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\overrightarrow{KN}=\overrightarrow{KM}+\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{KN}=\left(\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}AB^2-\dfrac{1}{4}AD^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow AM\perp KN\Rightarrow\) đường thẳng KN nhận (10;1) là 1 vtpt

Phương trình NK:

\(10\left(x-0\right)+1\left(y-2019\right)=0\Leftrightarrow10x+y-2019=0\)

\(d\left(O;NK\right)=\dfrac{\left|-2019\right|}{\sqrt{10^2+1^2}}=\dfrac{2019}{\sqrt{101}}\)

Đặt \(\overrightarrow{PB}=x\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{PM}=\overrightarrow{PB}+\overrightarrow{BM}=x.\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

\(\overrightarrow{PN}=\overrightarrow{PC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\left(x+1\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(x+1\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}\right)\)

\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\overrightarrow{BC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)

P, M, N thẳng hàng \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+\dfrac{1}{2}}{x}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}}{\dfrac{1}{3}}\Rightarrow x=1\) \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{PB}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)

\(\Rightarrow\) B là trung điểm PC \(\Rightarrow P\left(-6;5\right)\)

Nếu bạn chưa học bài pt đường thẳng thì làm cách trên, còn học rồi thì đơn giản là thiết lập 2 pt đường thẳng BC và MN là xong