Gọi a,b lần lượt là số mol của Al, Fe trong hỗn hợp ban đầu

=> 27a+56b=8,3 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol\)

Ta có quá trình trao đổi elcetron

\(Al^0\rightarrow Al^{+3}+3e\)

  a----------------3a--(mol)

\(Fe^0\rightarrow Fe^{+2}+2e\)

  b----------------2b--(mol)

\(2H^{-1}+2e\rightarrow H_2^0\)

 ----------0,5------0,25-(mol)

Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn e ta có: 3a+2b=0,5 (2)

Giải hệ phương trình gồm (1) và (2) ta được: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1\cdot27=2,7g\\m_{Fe}=0,1\cdot56=5,6g\end{matrix}\right.\)

hình như đề số xấu lắm bạn

\(Đặt:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=10,2\\x+1,5y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,2.24}{10,2}.100=47,06\%\\ \%m_{Al}=52,94\%\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=0,2.2+0,3.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(l\right)\)

\(Đặt:n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Fe}=b\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{hh}=27a+56b=8.3\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(Tathấy:\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.25=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.2}=2.5\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=1.5a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=b=0.1\)

\(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0.1}{2.5}=0.04\left(M\right)\)

\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0.1}{2.5}=0.04\left(M\right)\)

Chúc em học tốt !!!

a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

BTNT H, có: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(l\right)\)

b, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ 27x + 56y = 8,3 (1)

Các quá trình:

\(Al^0\rightarrow Al^{+3}+3e\)

x___________ 3x (mol)

\(Fe^0\rightarrow Fe^{+2}+2e\)

y____________2y (mol)

\(2H^++2e\rightarrow H_2^0\)

______0,5__0,25 (mol)

Theo ĐLBT mol e, có: 3x + 2y = 0,5 (2)

Từ (1) và (2) ⇒ x = y = 0,1 (mol)

BTNT Al và Fe, có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_3}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=C_{M_{FeCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{2,5}=0,04M\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

\(2Al+Fe_2O_3\xrightarrow[t^0]{}Al_2O_3+2Fe\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25mol\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=n_{Al}=0,25mol\)(ktm đề)

⇒Al phải dư, Fe₂O₃ hết

\(n_{Al}=a;n_{Fe_2O_3}=b\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)

\(2Al+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow Al_2O_3+2Fe\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+160b=13,4\\3a+4b=6b+0,25.2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+160b=13,4\\3a-2b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,2;b=0,05\)

\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ m_{Fe_2O_3}=13,4-5,4=8g\)

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

m_Cu = m_Y = 9,6 (g)

Gọi số mol Al, Mg là a, b

=> 27a + 24b = 14,7 - 9,6 = 5,1 (g)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a-->3a-------->a------>1,5a 

            Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            b--->2b------->b----->b

=> 1,5a + b = 0,25

=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg}=0,1.24=2,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=9,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) n_HCl(PTHH) = 3a + 2b = 0,5 (mol)

=> n_{HCl(thực tế)} = \(\dfrac{0,5.120}{100}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,2}=3M\)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(AlCl_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(MgCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\\C_{M\left(HCldư\right)}=\dfrac{0,6-0,5}{0,2}=0,5M\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9,6}{64}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(Cu+Cl_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuCl_2\)

         0,15-->0,15

=> \(V_{Cl_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,3.2=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,6}{2}>\dfrac{0,25}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ Đặt:n_{Al}=t\left(mol\right);n_{Fe}=r\left(mol\right)\\ \left(t,r>0\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27t+56r=8,3\\1,5t+r=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t=0,1\\r=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\ n_{Fe}=n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddFeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddHCl}=300.1,15=345\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=8,3+345-0,25.2=352,8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,25.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{3,65}{352,8}.100\approx1,035\%\\ C\%_{ddAlCl_3}=\dfrac{13,35}{352,8}.100\approx3,784\%\\ C\%_{ddFeCl_2}=\dfrac{12,7}{352,8}.100\approx3,6\%\)

Đáp án cần chọn là: B

a)

Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b

=> 27a + 56b = 8,3

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

            a----->3a------->a------>1,5a

            Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl₂ + H₂

            b------>2b------>b----->b

=> \(1,5a+b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

=> a = 0,1; b = 0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Al=\dfrac{0,1.27}{8,3}.100\%=32,53\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{8,3}.100\%=67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> m_muối = 13,35 + 12,7 = 26,05(g)

c) 

n_HCl = 3a + 2b = 0,5(mol)

=> \(V_{ddHCl\left(PTHH\right)}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)

=> V_{dd HCl(thực tế)} = \(\dfrac{0,25.110}{100}=0,275\left(l\right)\)

d)

PTHH: 2FeCl₂ + Cl₂ --> 2FeCl₃

              0,1----------------->0,1

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_3}=0,1.162,5=16,25\left(g\right)\\m_{AlCl_3}=13,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> m_muối = 16,25 + 13,35 = 29,6(g)