H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

số mol H₂SO₄ :

n_H2SO4 = 0,5 . 0,7 = 0,35 (mol)

theo phương trình hóa học ta có:

n_KOH = 2.n_H2SO4 = 2.0,35 =0,7 (mol)

=> m_KOH = 0,7.56 = 39,2 (g)

=> m_{dd KOH} = (39,2.100)/12 =326,67 (g)

ta có :

V_{dd KOH} = 326,67/1,15 = 284 (ml)

\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,05\cdot2=0,1mol\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=1\cdot\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}\)\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+}=\dfrac{5V}{56}\)

Để trung hòa\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=n_{H^+}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{5V}{56}=0,1\Rightarrow V=1,12\left(l\right)\)

\(2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O\)

\(n_{NaOH}= 0,05 . 2=0,1 mol\)

Theo PTHH:

\(n_{H_2SO_4}= \dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}= 0,1 . \dfrac{1}{2}= 0,05 mol\)

\(V_{H_2SO_4}= \dfrac{0,05}{1}= 0,05 l \)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15.1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{KOH}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{KOH}=0,3.56=16,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{16,8}{5,6\%}=300\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{300}{10,45}\approx28,71\left(ml\right)\)

PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,5}=0,1\left(l\right)=100\left(ml\right)\)

a) $2NaOH + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$

b)

n H2SO4 = 0,03.1 = 0,03(mol)

n NaOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)

=> CM NaOH = 0,06/0,05 = 1,2M

c) $H_2SO_4 + 2KOH \to K_2SO_4 + 2H_2O$

n KOH = 2n H2SO4 = 0,06(mol)

=> m KOH = 0,06.56 = 3,36 gam

=> m dd KOH = 3,36/5,6% = 60(gam)

=> V dd KOH = m/D = 60/1,045 = 57,42(ml)

b,\(n_{HCl}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: CuO + 2HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂

Mol:     0,2         0,4  

\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)

c,\(n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{16,2}{81}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: ZnO + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂

Mol:      0,2         0,2

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(l\right)\)

d,\(n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: H₂SO₄ + 2KOH → K₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

Mol:     0,2           0,4

\(\Rightarrow V_{ddKOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.03=0.003\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.01=0.001\left(mol\right)\)

\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

Lập tỉ lệ : 

\(\dfrac{0.003}{1}>\dfrac{0.001}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\)

\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.003-0.001=0.002\left(mol\right)\)

\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.002}{0.1+0.1}=0.01\)

\(pH=-log\left(0.01\right)=2\)

\(b.\)

\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)

\(0.001..........0.002\)

\(V_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0.001}{1}=0.001\left(l\right)\)

Ví dụ 5 :

n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)

n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)

$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$

n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)

=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)

=> [H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 3  :

n NaOH = 0,01.0,001V(mol)

n HCl = 0,03.0,001V(mol)

$HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + H_2O$

n HCl dư = 0,03.0,001V - 0,01.0,001V = 0,02.0,001V(mol)

Suy ra : 

[H⁺ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,02.0,001V/0,002V = 0,01(M)

=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2

Ví dụ 4 : 

n HCl = 0,02.0,05 = 0,001(mol)

n H2SO4 = 0,02.0,075 = 0,0015(mol)

=> n H+ = 0,001 + 0,0015.2 = 0,004(mol)

V dd = 0,02 + 0,02 = 0,04(ml)

=> [H⁺ ] = 0,004/0,04 = 0,1M

=> pH = - log(0,1) = 1