Bài 1:

\(a,2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)

b, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{32}=0,035mol\)

\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1mol\)

\(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{0,035}{1}\) => Cu dư, O₂ đủ

\(n_{Cu}\left(dư\right)=0,1-0,07=0,039\left(mol\right)\)

c, \(m_{CuO}=0,07.80=5,6g\)

Bài 2:

\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5mol\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,67}{32}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)

\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

\(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,21}{3}\) => Al dư, O₂ đủ

\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,21=0,14\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,14.102=14,28g\)

a)

4Al + 3O₂ → 2Al₂O₃

nAl = \(\dfrac{8,1}{27}\)= 0,3 mol , nO₂ = \(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}\)= 0,15 mol

Ta có tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{nAl}{4}\)> \(\dfrac{nO_2}{3}\)

=> Al dư, oxi phản ứng hết và số mol Al phản ứng = \(\dfrac{nO_2.4}{3}\)= 0,2 mol

nAl dư = nAl ban đầu - nAl phản ứng = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1mol

<=> mAl dư = 0,1.27 = 2,7 gam

b)

2Zn + O₂  →  2ZnO

nZn = 13:65 = 0,2 mol , nO₂ = 0,5 mol

\(\dfrac{nZn}{2}\)<\(\dfrac{nO_2}{1}\) => Zn phản ứng hết, Oxi dư

nO₂ phản ứng = nZn/2 = 0,1 mol

=> nO₂ dư = 0,5 - 0,1 = 0,4 mol 

<=> mO₂ dư = 0,4.32 = 12,8 gam

c) CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂  +  2H₂O

nCH₄ = 4,48:22,4 = 0,2 mol , nO₂ = 6,72 :22,4 = 0,3 mol

\(\dfrac{nCH_4}{1}\)>\(\dfrac{nO_2}{2}\) => CH₄ dư , oxi phản ứng hết

nCH₄ phản ứng = nO₂/2 = 0,15 mol

=> nCH₄ dư = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 mol 

<=> mCH₄ dư = 0,05. 16= 0,8 gam

d) C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁  + 12O₂ → 12CO₂  + 11H₂O

nC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ = \(\dfrac{51,3}{342}\)= 0,15 mol , nO₂ = 2,688:22,4 = 0,12 mol

nC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ >  \(\dfrac{nO_2}{12}\) => O₂ phản ứng hết, đường dư

nC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ phản ứng = \(\dfrac{nO_2}{12}\) = 0,01

=> nC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ dư = 0,15 - 0,01 = 0,14 mol

<=> mC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁  = 0,14.342 = 47,88 gam

a, PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{4}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\), ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)

b, PT: \(2Zn+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2ZnO\)

Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{16}{32}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\), ta được O₂ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,4.32=12,8\left(g\right)\)

c, PT: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,3}{2}\), ta được CH₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{CH_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CH_4\left(dư\right)}=0,05.16=0,8\left(g\right)\)

d, PT: \(C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+12O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}12CO_2+11H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}}=\dfrac{51,3}{342}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,688}{22,4}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,15}{1}>\dfrac{0,12}{12}\), ta được C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{12}n_{O_2}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}\left(dư\right)}=0,14\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}\left(dư\right)}=0,14.342=47,88\left(g\right)\)

e, PT: \(2Zn+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2ZnO\)

Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\), ta được O₂ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Zn}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,45\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,45.32=14,4\left(g\right)\)

f, PT: \(4Na+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Na_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Na}=\dfrac{4,6}{23}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{4}< \dfrac{2}{1}\), ta được O₂ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}n_{Na}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=1,95\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=1,95.32=62,4\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

a) nZn = 26/65 = 0,4 (mol)

PTHH: 2Zn + O2 -> (t°) 2ZnO

LTL: 0,4/2 < 0,3 => O2 dư

nO2 (p/ư) = 0,4/2 = 0,2 (mol)

mO2 (dư) = (0,3 - 0,2) . 32 = 3,2 (g(

b) nZnO = 0,4 (mol)

mZnO = 0,4 . 81 = 32,4 (g)

a. \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7.437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Ta thấy : 0,4 > 0,3 => Zn dư , O₂ đủ

PTHH : 2Zn + O₂ ----t^o---> 2ZnO

            0,6    0,3                 0,6

\(m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,4-0,6\right).65=-13\left(g\right)\) 

b. \(m_{ZnO}=0,6.81=48,6\left(g\right)\)

Câu 1

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3mol\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,479}{24,79}=0,1mol\\ 3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}Fe_3O_4\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{3}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\Rightarrow Fe.dư\\ 3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}Fe_3O_4\)

0,15       0,1         0,05

\(m_{Fe.dư}=16,8-0,15.56=8,4g\\ b.m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,05.232=11,6g\)

Câu 2

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ R+H_2SO_4\rightarrow RSO_4+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_R=0,3mol\\ M_R=\dfrac{12}{0,3}=40g/mol\)

Vậy M là Canxi

a, Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{13,5}{27}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\), ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

⇒ n_{Al (dư)} = 0,5 - 0,4 = 0,1 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,015.0,082.\left(25+273\right)}{0,986}\approx3,7274\left(l\right)\)

\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\)

\(1:1:1:1\)

\(0,2:0,2:0,2:0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{V}{24,79}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(a,m_S=n.M=0,2.32=6,4\left(g\right)\)

\(b,V_{O_2}=n.24,79=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)

làm lại ko để ý có điều kiện=))))

\(n_{SO_2\left(dkc\right)}=\dfrac{V}{24,79}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(PTHH:S+O_2-^{t^o}>SO_2\)

tỉ lệ        1   :     1     :     1

n(mol)  0,2<--0,2<---0,2

\(m_S=n\cdot M=0,2\cdot32=6,4\left(g\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(dkc\right)}=n\cdot24,79=0,2\cdot24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)

a: \(4P+5O_2\rightarrow2P_2O_5\)

a, 4P + 5O₂ \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2P₂O₅

b,

 \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,04}{22,4}=0,225mol\\ m_{O_2}=0,225.32=7,2g\)

Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:

m_P + \(m_{O_2}\) = m_{\(P_2O_5\)}

\(m\)_{\(P_2O_5\)} \(=4,65+7,2=11,85g\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4|\)

       3          2            1

      0,3     0,15       0,075

Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,3}{3}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\)

                  ⇒ Fe dư , O₂ phản ứng hết

                  ⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của O₂

\(n_{Fe3O4}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Fe3O4}=0,075.232=17,4\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,3-\left(\dfrac{0,15.3}{2}\right)=0,075\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Fe\left(dư\right)}=0,075.56=4,2\left(g\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

3Fe+2O2-to>Fe₃O₄

       0,15--------0,075

n Fe=\(\dfrac{16,8}{56}\)=0,3 mol

n O2=\(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15 mol

3Fe+2O₂-to>Fe₃O₄

=>Fe dư , dư :0,075 mol

=>m_Fe=0,075.56=4,2g

=>m _Fe3O4= 0,075.232=17,4g

\(a,n_{hh\left(CH_4,C_2H_4,C_2H_2\right)}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{hh\left(C_2H_4,C_2H_2\right)}=0,4-0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_4}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_2}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,3\\28a+26b=8,1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

\(CH\equiv CH+2Br-Br\rightarrow CHBr_2-CHBr_2\)

\(CH_2=CH_2+Br-Br\rightarrow CH_2Br-CH_2Br\)

\(b,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%V_{CH_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}.100\%=25\%\\\%V_{C_2H_4}=\%V_{C_2H_2}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,4}.100\%=37,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, PTHH:

\(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\\ C_2H_2+\dfrac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+H_2O\\ C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\\ Ba\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow BaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\\ \rightarrow n_{BaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,1+0,15.0,15.2=0,7\left(mol\right)\\ m_{BaCO_3}=0,7.197=137,9\left(g\right)\)

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{12,15}{27}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,45}{4}>\dfrac{0,3}{3}\)=> Al dư, O₂ hết

PTHH: 4Al + 3O₂ --t^o--> 2Al₂O₃

            0,4<--0,3-------->0,2

=> \(m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,45-0,4\right).27=1,35\left(g\right)\)

b) \(m_{Al_2O_3}=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)