a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24.n_{Mg}+27.n_{Al}=6,93\\\dfrac{n_{Mg}}{n_{Al}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=0,12.24=2,88\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,15.27=4,05\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            0,12->0,24

            2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

           0,15-->0,45

=> n_HCl(min) = 0,24 + 0,45 =0,69 (mol)

=> \(V_{dd.HCl\left(min\right)}=\dfrac{0,69}{4}=0,1725\left(l\right)\)

=> KL M là Kali (M=39, n=1)

Đáp án D

Ta có: \(n_{NO}+n_{N_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(30n_{NO}+28n_{N_2}=1,44\left(g\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NO}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{N_2}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Gọi n_NH4NO3 = a (mol)

⇒ n_{NO3- (trong muối)} = 3n_NO + 10n_N2 + 8n_NH4NO3 = 0,36 + 8a (mol)

Ta có: m _muối = m_KL + m_{NO3- (trong muối)} + m_NH4NO3

⇒ 66,88 = 10 + 62.(0,36 + 8a) + 80a

⇒ a = 0,06 (mol)

⇒ n_HNO3 = 4n_NO + 12n_N2 + 10n_NH4NO3 = 1,04 (mol)

\(n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) ; n_{Mg} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 65a + 27b + 24c = 44,1(1)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3 H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{31,36}{22,4} = 1,4(2)\\ Mà : 2a = 3b(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,8\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,3.65}{44,1}.100\% = 44,22\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{44,1}.100\% = 12,24\%\)

\(\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -44,22\% -12,24\% = 43,54\%\)

Giả sử \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_M=1,5a\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> 27a + M_M.1,5a = 6,3 (g) (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

- TH1: Nếu M không tác dụng với dd HCl

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             0,2<------------------0,3

=> a = 0,2 (mol)

(1) => M_M = 3 (L)

- TH2: Nếu M tác dụng với dd HCl

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

             a----------------------->1,5a

            M + 2HCl --> MCl₂ + H₂

           1,5a---------------->1,5a

=> 1,5a + 1,5a = 0,3

=> a = 0,1

(1) => M_M = 24 (g/mol)

=> M là Mg

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{6,3}.100\%=42,857\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{6,3}.100\%=57,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

n_H2= \(\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}\) = 0,04(mol)

Mg + 2HCl  \(\rightarrow\) MgCl₂  + H₂\(\uparrow\)

a                                  \(\rightarrow\)    a     (mol)

2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂\(\uparrow\)         (ai dạy Al hóa trị II thế =.=)

b                                  \(\rightarrow\) 1,5b   (mol)

Gọi a,b lần lượt là số mol của Mg và Al

Theo đầu bài, ta có:   \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=0.78\\a+1,5b=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,01\\b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> m_Mg= 0,01.24 = 0,24(g)

=> m_Al = 0,78 - 0,24 = 0,54(g)

Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)

\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)

\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)

\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)

b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)

c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)

\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)

Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)

∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)

%mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%

→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%

b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)

a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{17,472}{22,4}=0,78\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow2n_{H_2}>n_{HCl}\) → HCl hết, KL dư pư với H₂O.

Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_A=5x\left(mol\right)\\n_B=4x\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

BT e, có: n_A + 2n_B = 2n_H2 ⇒ 5x + 4x.2 = 0,78.2 ⇒ x = 0,12

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_A=0,6\left(mol\right)\\n_B=0,48\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow0,6M_A+0,48M_B=42,6\Rightarrow5M_A+4M_B=355\)

Với M_A = 39 (g/mol) và M_B = 40 (g/mol) thì thỏa mãn.

→ A là K, B là Ca.

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_K=\dfrac{0,6.39}{42,6}.100\%\approx54,93\%\\\%m_{Ca}\approx45,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Dung dịch Y gồm: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}K^+\\Ca^{2+}\\Cl^-\\OH^-\end{matrix}\right.\)

BTNT Ca, có: n_Ca²⁺ = n_Ca = 0,48 (mol) 

BTNT H, có: n_OH^- = 2n_H2 - n_HCl = 1,06 (mol)

TH1:

 \(CO_2+2OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)

\(Ca^{2+}+CO_3^{2-}\rightarrow CaCO_3\)

Có: n_CO2 = n_CO3^2- = n_Ca²⁺ = 0,48 (mol)

TH2: 

\(CO_2+2OH^-\rightarrow CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\)

0,53____1,06______0,53 (mol)

\(CO_2+CO_3^{2-}+H_2O\rightarrow2HCO_3^-\)

0,05____0,05 (mol)

\(Ca^{2+}+CO_3^{2-}\rightarrow CaCO_3\)

0,48____0,48 (mol)

⇒ n_CO2 = 0,05 + 0,53 = 0,58 (mol)

⇒ 0,48 ≤ n_CO2 ≤ 0,58 thì thu được lượng kết tủa lớn nhất.

⇒ 10,752 (l) ≤ V_CO2 ≤ 12,992 (l)

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