CMR:
`\sqrt{a^2+b^2+c^2}<=|a|+|b|+|c|`
cho a,b,c dương thỏa mãn \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}=\sqrt{2011}\).
CMR: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2011}}{2}\)
Đặt \(\left(x,y,z\right)=\left(\sqrt{a^2+b^2},\sqrt{b^2+c^2},\sqrt{c^2+a^2}\right)\).
Ta có \(x+y+z=\sqrt{2011}\).
BĐT cần cm trở thành:
\(\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2\sqrt{2}x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{2\sqrt{2}y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2\sqrt{2}z}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{z}+\dfrac{z^2}{y}\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2}{z}\right)\ge2\left(x+y+z\right)\).
Theo bđt AM - GM:
\(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+\dfrac{y^2}{z}+\dfrac{z^2}{y}=\left(\dfrac{x^2}{y}+y\right)+\left(\dfrac{y^2}{z}+z\right)+\left(\dfrac{z^2}{x}+x\right)-x-y-z\ge2x+2y+2z-x-y-z=x+y+z\).
Tương tự, \(\dfrac{y^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2}{z}\ge x+y+z\).
Dễ có điều phải chứng minh.
\(P\sqrt{2}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{c^2+a^2}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c^2+a^2};\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=\sqrt{2011}\\a^2=\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2}\\b^2=\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{2}\\c^2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P2\sqrt{2}\ge\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\)
\(P4\sqrt{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x}+\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2y}+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(P2\sqrt{2}\ge\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}-\left(x+y+z\right)=x+y+z=\sqrt{2011}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2011}}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
Đề sai
Cho a,b,c là các số dương thỏa mãn \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}=\sqrt{2019}\)
CMR: \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{c+a}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\sqrt{\frac{2019}{8}}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c^2+a^2};\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2}\\b^2=\dfrac{x^2+z^2-y^2}{2}\\c^2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x}+\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2y}+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(2\sqrt{2}VT\ge\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)=x+y+z=\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{2019}}{2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{2019}{8}}\) (đpcm)
Cho 3 số dương a,b,c thỏa mãn
\(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}=\sqrt{2011}\)
CMR:\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Đặt vế trái BĐT cần chứng minh là P
Ta có:
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{b^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+c^2\right)}}+\dfrac{c^2}{\sqrt{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}}\)
Đặt \(\left(\sqrt{b^2+c^2};\sqrt{c^2+a^2};\sqrt{a^2+b^2}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{2011}\)
Đồng thời: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^2+z^2-x^2=2a^2\\z^2+x^2-y^2=2b^2\\x^2+y^2-z^2=2c^2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2=\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{2}\\b^2=\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{2}\\c^2=\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{y^2+z^2-x^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2-y^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2-z^2}{z}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{x}+\dfrac{z^2+x^2}{y}+\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z\right)^2}{2x}+\dfrac{\left(z+x\right)^2}{2y}+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{\left(y+z+z+x+x+y\right)^2}{2x+2y+2z}-\left(x+y+z\right)\right)=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(x+y+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Cho các số dương a, b, c thỏa mãn: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}=\sqrt{2011}\). CMR: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}++\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
Cho các số dương a, b, c thỏa mãn: \(\sqrt{a^2+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2+a^2}=\sqrt{2011}\). CMR: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{c+a}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{\dfrac{2011}{2}}\)
\(b+c\le\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\dfrac{a^2}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}\)
Sau đó làm tiếp như bài đó là được
cho a,b,c dương thỏa mãn \(a+b+c=5\) và \(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}=3\). CMR: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{a+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b}}{b+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{c}}{c+2}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)\left(c+2\right)}}\)
CMR: \(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Holder:
\(\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\ge\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^3}{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}\)
Mà:
\(\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\right)^2\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a}\ge\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (1)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\le\sqrt{3\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{2}\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{2}}\le\sqrt{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (2)
(1);(2) suy ra điều phải chứng minh
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki
B1: Cho a,b,c thỏa mãn: a+b+c=1. CMR: \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
B2: Cho a,b,c dương thỏa mãn: \(a^2+4b^2+9c^2=2015\). CMR: \(a+b+c\le\dfrac{\sqrt{14}}{6}\)
B3: Cho a,b dương thỏa mãn: \(a^2+b^2=1\).CMR: \(a\sqrt{1+a}+b\sqrt{1+b}\le\sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky ta có:
$(a^2+b^2+c^2)(1+1+1)\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 1$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\geq \frac{1}{3}$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^2+4b^2+9c^2)(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9})\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow 2015.\frac{49}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{98735}{36}\geq (a+b+c)^2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c\leq \frac{7\sqrt{2015}}{6}$ chứ không phải $\frac{\sqrt{14}}{6}$ :''>>
Bài 3:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$2=(a^2+b^2)(1+1)\geq (a+b)^2\Rightarrow a+b\leq \sqrt{2}$
$(a\sqrt{1+a}+b\sqrt{1+b})^2\leq (a^2+b^2)(1+a+1+b)$
$=2+a+b\leq 2+\sqrt{2}$
$\Rightarrow a\sqrt{1+a}+b\sqrt{1+b}\leq \sqrt{2+\sqrt{2}}$
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}$
Cho a, b, c > 0. CMR :
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}{c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+c^2}}{b}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a^2+c^2}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\right)\)
Cho a, b, c > 0. CMR :
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}{c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+c^2}}{b}\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a^2+c^2}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\right)\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\left ( \frac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}{c},\frac{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}{a}, \frac{\sqrt{c^2+a^2}}{b} \right )=(x,y,z)\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(x+y+z\geq 2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)\((*)\)
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Từ cách đặt $x,y,z$ ta có:
\(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\frac{x^2+1}{x^2}+\frac{y^2+1}{y^2}+\frac{z^2+1}{z^2}=\left(\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}\right)\left(\frac{x^2+1}{x^2}+\frac{y^2+1}{y^2}+\frac{z^2+1}{z^2}\right)\)
\(\geq \left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 3\geq 2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xyz\geq \frac{2}{3}(x+y+z)\)
\(\Rightarrow xyz(x+y+z)\geq \frac{2}{3}(x+y+z)^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM_GM ta lại có:
\((x+y+z)^2\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)\). Do đó:
\(xyz(x+y+z)\geq 2(xy+yz+xz)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\geq 2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
Đúng theo \((*)\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
áp dụng bat dang thuc bunhiacóki
ta có \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}{c}\ge\dfrac{a+b}{\sqrt{2}c}\)
ttu vt \(\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\) (1)
áp dung bdt \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
ta có (1) \(\ge\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2}}.\dfrac{4}{b+c}\)
tiếp tục áp dụng bunhia ta có \(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2}}.\dfrac{4}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2}}.\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\dfrac{2a}{\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}\)
ttuong tu ta có \(vt\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{b^2+c2}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{a^2+c^2}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2}}\right)\left(dpcm\right)\)