1) Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM và bất đẳng thức Schwarz:

\(P=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{2}}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+\dfrac{a+b}{2}}=\dfrac{8}{3a+b}\ge8\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).

2.

\(4=a^2+b^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\Rightarrow a+b\le2\sqrt{2}\)

Đồng thời \(\left(a+b\right)^2\ge a^2+b^2\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4\left(a+b+2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}\) (với \(x=a+b\Rightarrow2\le x\le2\sqrt{2}\) )

\(M\le\dfrac{x^2}{4\left(x+2\right)}-\sqrt{2}+1+\sqrt{2}-1\)

\(M\le\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{2}-x\right)\left(x+4-2\sqrt{2}\right)}{4\left(x+2\right)}+\sqrt{2}-1\le\sqrt{2}-1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=2\sqrt{2}\) hay \(a=b=\sqrt{2}\)

3. Chia 2 vế giả thiết cho \(x^2y^2\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\)

\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\le4\)

\(A=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\dfrac{1}{xy}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)^2\le16\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Minicopski, ta có:

\(P=\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}}+\sqrt{b^2+\dfrac{1}{b^2}}\ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2}\\ \Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{4^2+\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2}=\sqrt{16+\left(\dfrac{4}{4}\right)^2}=\sqrt{17}\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=2\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô si

⇒ P≥ \(\sqrt{2\sqrt{a^2.\dfrac{1}{a^2}}}+\sqrt{2\sqrt{b^2.\dfrac{1}{b^2}}}\)

\(=\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}\)

\(=2\sqrt{2}\)

*** $a,b,c>0$ thôi chứ không lớn hơn $1$ bạn nhé. $a,b,c>1$ thì $abc>1$ mất rồi.

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Vì $a, b, c>0$ thỏa mãn $abc=1$ nên tồn tại $x,y,z>0$ sao cho:

$(a,b,c)=(\frac{x^2}{yz}, \frac{y^2}{xz}, \frac{z^2}{xy})$
Khi đó, áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
$P=\frac{x^2}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{y^2}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{z^2}{z^2+2xy}$

$\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x^2+2yz+y^2+2xz+z^2+2xy}=\frac{(x+y+z)^2}{(x+y+z)^2}=1$

Vậy $P_{\min}=1$ khi $x=y=z\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1$

Câu 3. Dự đoán dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dùng phương pháp chọn điểm rơi thôi :)

                             LG

Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)

                                  \(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)

                                  \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)

                                 \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge a^2b^2c^2\)

                                 \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}\ge abc\)

Khi đó :\(B=a+b+c+\frac{1}{abc}\)

   \(=a+b+c+\frac{1}{9abc}+\frac{8}{9abc}\)

\(\ge4\sqrt[4]{abc.\frac{1}{9abc}}+\frac{8}{9.\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}}\)

 \(=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8\sqrt{27}}{9}=\frac{4}{\sqrt[4]{9}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{12}{\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

Vậy .........

2, \(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)

\(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)

\(A=\left[\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}\right]-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(A\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{4}}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)

\(A\ge a+b+c-\frac{6}{2}\)

\(A\ge6-3\)

\(A\ge3\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}=\frac{b+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2a=b+c\)(1)

                                 \(\frac{b^2}{a+c}=\frac{a+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4b^2=\left(a+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2b=a+c\)(2)

                                 \(\frac{c^2}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{4}\Leftrightarrow4c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2c=a+b\)(3)

Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(3\right)\)ta có:

\(2a-2c=c+b-a-b=c-a\)

\(\Rightarrow2a-2c-c+a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(a-c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c\)

Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=c\\a=b\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=2\)

Vậy \(A_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)

Ta có: \(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca=6\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\ge6.\sqrt[6]{\left(abc\right)^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow6\ge6.\sqrt[6]{\left(abc\right)^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge\sqrt[6]{\left(abc\right)^3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge\left(abc\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1\ge C\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=ab=bc=ca\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Vậy \(C_{max}=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)

Đây là bài sử dụng Cô-si ngược dấu đặc trưng:

\(\dfrac{1}{a^2+1}=\dfrac{a^2+1-a^2}{a^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2}{a^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{a^2}{2a}=1-\dfrac{a}{2}\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{b^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{b}{2}\); 

\(\dfrac{1}{c^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{c}{2}\)

Cộng vế:

\(P\ge3-\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Ta có \(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}=a^2+\dfrac{1}{6-a}\)

Mà \(a+b+c=6\Rightarrow0\le a,b,c\le2\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+\dfrac{1}{6-a}\ge2^2+\dfrac{1}{6-2}=\dfrac{17}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow P=\sum\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}}=\sum\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{6-a}}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{4}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{4}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{17}{4}}=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)