\(\left(x\ne-y;x>\dfrac{y}{2}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7}{x+y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(đặt:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=a>0;\dfrac{1}{x+y}=b\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-21b=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3a+7b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+y=14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)(thỏa)

Mình làm câu 2 trước nhé:

đkxđ: \(\dfrac{1}{2}< x\le2\)

 Áp dụng BĐT Bunyakovsky, ta có \(VT=\left(1.\sqrt{x}+1.\sqrt{2-x}\right)\)\(\le\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left[\left(\sqrt{x}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2-x}\right)^2\right]}\) \(=2\). ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=2-x\Leftrightarrow x=1\) (nhận). Vậy \(VT\le2\)     (1)

 Mặt khác, ta có \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\) \(\Leftrightarrow x^2-\left(2x-1\right)\ge0\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{2x-1}\right)\left(x+\sqrt{2x-1}\right)\ge0\). Do \(x+\sqrt{2x-1}>0\) nên điều này có nghĩa là \(x\ge\sqrt{2x-1}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\ge1\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\ge2\) hay \(VP\ge2\)  (2). ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) (nhận)

 Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(VT\le2\le VP\), do đó pt đã cho \(\Leftrightarrow VT=VP\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) 

 Vậy pt đã cho có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=1\)

Không=))

Lời giải:
a/ ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 0; y\geq 1$

PT $\Leftrightarrow (x-2\sqrt{x}+1)+[(y-1)-4\sqrt{y-1}+4]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x}-1)^2+(\sqrt{y-1}-2)^2=0$

Vì $(\sqrt{x}-1)^2\geq 0; (\sqrt{y-1}-2)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y$ thuộc đkxđ

Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì:

$\sqrt{x}-1=\sqrt{y-1}-2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=5$

b. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 0; y\geq 1; z\geq 2$

PT $\Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y-1}+2\sqrt{z-2}=x+y+z$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-2\sqrt{x}+1)+[(y-1)-2\sqrt{y-1}+1]+[(z-2)-2\sqrt{z-2}+1]=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x}-1)^2+(\sqrt{y-1}-1)^2+(\sqrt{z-2}-1)^2=0$

$\Rightarrow \sqrt{x}-1=\sqrt{y-1}-1=\sqrt{z-2}-1=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x=1; y=2; z=3$

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(1\le x\le7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-1-2\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{7-x}-\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(7-x\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{7-x}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{7-x}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=\sqrt{7-x}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=7-x\\x-1=4\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b. ĐKXĐ: ...

Biến đổi pt đầu:

\(x\left(y-1\right)-\left(y-1\right)^2=\sqrt{y-1}-\sqrt{x}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y-1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a^2b^2-b^4=b-a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow b^2\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b^2\left(a+b\right)+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y-1}\Rightarrow y=x+1\)

Thế vào pt dưới:

\(3\sqrt{5-x}+3\sqrt{5x-4}=2x+7\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-\sqrt{5x-4}\right)+7-x-3\sqrt{5-x}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3\left(x^2-5x+4\right)}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{x^2-5x+4}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{x+\sqrt{5x-4}}+\dfrac{1}{7-x+3\sqrt{5-x}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm y\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+y}=u\\\dfrac{1}{x-y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u+v=2\\2u+3v=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3u+3v=6\\2u+3v=5\\\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\v=2-u\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\v=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+y}=1\\\dfrac{1}{x-y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x^2-4x+7=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x^2-5x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt x/x+1=a; y/y+1=b

Hệ sẽ là 2a+b=căn 2 và a+3b=-1

=>2a+b=căn 2 và 2a+6b=-2

=>-5b=căn 2+2 và a=-1-3b

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}-2}{5}\\a=-1-3\cdot\dfrac{-\sqrt{2}-2}{3}=-1+\sqrt{2}+2=1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y}{y+1}=\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{5}\\\dfrac{x}{x+1}=1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{y+1-1}{y+1}=\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{5}\\\dfrac{x+1-1}{x+1}=1+\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{y+1}=1-\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{5}=1+\dfrac{2+\sqrt{2}}{5}=\dfrac{7+\sqrt{2}}{5}\\\dfrac{1}{x+1}=1-1-\sqrt{2}=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{5}{7+\sqrt{2}}-1=\dfrac{5-7-\sqrt{2}}{7+\sqrt{2}}=\dfrac{-2-\sqrt{2}}{7+\sqrt{2}}\\x=-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)

\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)

1.1

ĐKXĐ: ...

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Thay vào pt đầu:

\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))

\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)

2.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào pt đầu

...

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+\dfrac{1}{y}}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\\x+y=b\left(b\ge3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\), ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{b-3}=3\left(1\right)\\a^2+b=8\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{b-3}=3-a\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3-a\ge0\\b-3=9-6a+a^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le a\le3\\b=a^2-6a+12\left(3\right)\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay (3) vào (2)

\(\Rightarrow a^2+a^2-6a+12=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\a=2\end{matrix}\right.\left(n\right)\)

TH1: \(a=1;b=7\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+\dfrac{1}{y}}=1\left(4\right)\\x+y=7\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay \(x=7-y\) vào (4)

\(\Rightarrow7-y+\dfrac{1}{y}=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7y-y^2+1=y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-3\right)^2-10=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=3+\sqrt{10}\\y=3-\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4-\sqrt{10}\\x=4+\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)

TH2: \(a=2;b=4\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+\dfrac{1}{y}}=2\left(5\right)\\x+y=4\end{matrix}\right.\). Thay \(x=4-y\) vào (5)

\(\Rightarrow4-y+\dfrac{1}{y}=4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4y-y^2+1=4y\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-y\right)\left(1+y\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy . . .