\(u_{n+1}=\dfrac{2u_n}{u_n+4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{2}{u_n}\)

Đặt \(v_n=\dfrac{1}{u_n}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}=2v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=1\\v_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}=2\left(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Đặt \(v_n+\dfrac{1}{2}=x_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x_1=\dfrac{3}{2}\\x_{n+1}=2x_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow x_n\) là CSN với công bội 2 \(\Rightarrow x_n=\dfrac{3}{2}.2^{n-1}=3.2^{n-2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow v_n=x_n-\dfrac{1}{2}=3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow u_n=\dfrac{1}{v_n}=\dfrac{1}{3.2^{n-2}-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3.2^{n-1}-1}\)

Cho \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_{n+1}=2u_n+6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tìm số hạng tổng quát của dãy số sau

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a;u_2=b\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a,u_2=b\\u_{n+2}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(v_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_2=u_2+\dfrac{1}{2}u_1=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\right]\)

\(t_n=u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t_1=u_1-\dfrac{1}{3}a-\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\\t_{n+1}=-\dfrac{1}{2}t_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow t_n=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow u_n=t_n+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)

\(\Rightarrow limun=\lim\limits\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=0\)

Xét hàm số \(f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{x^{2022}+3x+16}{x^{2021}-x+11}\), ta cần cm

 \(f\left(x\right)\ge x\) (*)

Thật vậy, (*) \(\Leftrightarrow x^{2022}+3x+16\ge x^{2022}-x^2+11x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+16\ge0\)

 \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy \(f\left(x\right)\ge x,\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=f\left(u_n\right)\ge u_n\) nên \(\left(u_n\right)\) là dãy tăng.

1:

a: \(u_2=2\cdot1+3=5;u_3=2\cdot5+3=13;u_4=2\cdot13+3=29;\)

\(u_5=2\cdot29+3=61\)

b: \(u_2=u_1+2^2\)

\(u_3=u_2+2^3\)

\(u_4=u_3+2^4\)

\(u_5=u_4+2^5\)

Do đó: \(u_n=u_{n-1}+2^n\)

Hiện tại mới nghĩ được câu b thôi

b/ \(u_1=\dfrac{1}{2};u_2=\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{2}{3};u_3=\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{2}{3}}=\dfrac{3}{4}...\)

Nhận thấy \(u_n=\dfrac{n}{n+1}\) , ta sẽ chứng minh bằng phương pháp quy nạp

\(n=k\Rightarrow u_k=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

Chứng minh cũng đúng với \(\forall n=k+1\)

\(\Rightarrow u_{k+1}=\dfrac{k+1}{k+2}\)

Ta có: \(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{1}{2-u_k}=\dfrac{1}{2-\dfrac{k}{k+1}}=\dfrac{k+1}{k+2}\)

Vậy biểu thức đúng với \(\forall n\in N\left(n\ne0\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow limu_n=lim\dfrac{n}{n+1}=lim\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{n}}=1\)