Ta có: \(a=b+c\Rightarrow c=a-b\)

\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2+a^2c^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2\left(a-b\right)^2+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{b^4+a^2b^2-2ab^3+a^4+a^2b^2-2a^3b+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2-2ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+a^2b^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=\left|\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{abc}\right|\)

=> Là một số hữu tỉ do a,b,c là số hữu tỉ

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+c}{b}\left(1\right)\)

\(\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{b}{a+c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a+c}{b}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b+c}{a}=\dfrac{a+b}{c}=\dfrac{a+c}{b}\)

+)Nếu a+b+c=0

Nếu 

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có 

1) Từ \(\dfrac{a}{b-c}+\dfrac{b}{c-a}+\dfrac{c}{a-b}=0\), suy ra

\(\dfrac{a}{b-c}=\dfrac{b}{a-c}+\dfrac{c}{b-a}=\dfrac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)

Nhân cả 2 vế với \(\dfrac{1}{b-c}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2-ab+ac-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\dfrac{c^2-bc+ba-a^2}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\left(2\right)\)

\(\dfrac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\dfrac{a^2-ca+bc-b^2}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}\left(3\right)\)

Cộng \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right),\left(3\right)\) vế theo vế, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)

2) Đặt vế trái đẳng thức cần chứng minh là P

Đặt \(A=\dfrac{a-b}{c}+\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\), ta có:

\(A.\dfrac{c}{a-b}=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}\left(\dfrac{b-c}{a}+\dfrac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)

\(=1+\dfrac{c}{a-b}.\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\dfrac{2c^3}{abc}\)

Tương tự: \(A.\dfrac{a}{b-c}=1+\dfrac{2a^3}{abc},A.\dfrac{b}{c-a}=1+\dfrac{2b^3}{abc}\)

Vậy \(P=3+\dfrac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)

P/S: \(a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)(Cái này tự chứng minh)

Đề bài \(S=\dfrac{a+b}{2c}+\dfrac{b+c}{3a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4b}\) đúng hơn chứ nhỉ?

ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b\ne-c\\c\ne-a\\a\ne-b\end{matrix}\right.\) và \(a,b,c\ne0\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{b}{c+a}=\dfrac{c}{a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=b+c\\2b=c+a\\2c=a+b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow S=\dfrac{a+b}{2c}+\dfrac{b+c}{3a}+\dfrac{c+a}{4b}=\dfrac{2c}{2c}+\dfrac{2a}{3a}+\dfrac{2b}{4b}=1+\dfrac{2}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{13}{6}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{2b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{2c^2}{a^2}=\dfrac{2a}{c}+\dfrac{2c}{b}+\dfrac{2b}{a}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}-\dfrac{2a}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}-\dfrac{2b}{a}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{b}{c}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{a}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}-\dfrac{c}{a}\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{b}{c}=0\\\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{a}=0\\\dfrac{b}{c}-\dfrac{c}{a}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)