\(\sqrt[4]{x}=\dfrac{3}{8}+2x\)

<=> \(x=\left(\dfrac{3}{8}+2x\right)^4\)

<=> \(x=\left[\left(\dfrac{3}{8}+2x\right)^2\right]^2\)

<=> \(x=\left(\dfrac{9}{64}+\dfrac{3}{2}x+4x^2\right)^2\)

<=> \(x=\dfrac{1}{16}\)

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{3x-5}=\left(2x-3\right)^3+2x-3-\left(3x-5\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3=a\\\sqrt[3]{3x-5}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b=a^3+a-b^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{3x-5}=2x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x-5=\left(2x-3\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow8x^3-36x^2+51x-22=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(8x^2-20x+11\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x+3x-2-\sqrt[3]{81x-8}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x+\dfrac{\left(3x-2\right)^3-\left(81x-8\right)}{\left(3x-2\right)^2+\left(3x-2\right)\sqrt[3]{81x-8}+\sqrt[3]{\left(81x-8\right)^2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x+\dfrac{27\left(x^3-2x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x\right)}{\left(3x-2\right)^2+\left(3x-2\right)\sqrt[3]{81x-8}+\sqrt[3]{\left(81x-8\right)^2}}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-2x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x\right)\left(1+\dfrac{27}{\left(3x-2\right)^2+\left(3x-2\right)\sqrt[3]{81x-8}+\sqrt[3]{\left(81x-8\right)^2}}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-2x^2-\dfrac{5}{3}x=0\)

c.

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{x-2}=\left(2x-5\right)^3+x-3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[3]{x-2}=\left(2x-5\right)^3+\left(2x-5\right)-\left(x-2\right)\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-5=a\\\sqrt[3]{x-2}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow b=a^3+a-b^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-5=\sqrt[3]{x-2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)^3=x-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(8x^2-36x+41\right)=0\)

a.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)

\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x^3+x^2+x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

b.

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)

\(x^2-6x+9+x+1-4\sqrt{x+1}+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\\sqrt{x+1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)

c.

ĐKXĐ: \(-2\le x\le\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(VT=2x+3\sqrt{4-5x}+1.\sqrt{x+2}\)

\(VT\le2x+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(9+4-5x\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+x+2\right)=8\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=-1\)

d.

ĐKXĐ: \(x>1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2+x+1-1}{\sqrt{x^2+x+1}}=\dfrac{1-\left(x-1\right)}{\sqrt{x-1}}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x-1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{a}=\dfrac{1-b^2}{b}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a-\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}-b\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a+b-\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(1-\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-\dfrac{1}{ab}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-1=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt[3]{2}\)

ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne-1\)

\(\dfrac{6x^2+4x+8}{x+1}=5\sqrt{2x^2+3}\)

\(\Rightarrow6x^2+4x+8=5\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{2x^2+3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x^2+3\right)-5\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{2x^2+3}+2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x^2+3}=a\\x+1=b\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow2a^2-5ab+2b^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)\left(2a-b\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x^2+3}=2\left(x+1\right)\\2\sqrt{2x^2+3}=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\) (\(x\ge-1\))

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2+3=4\left(x+1\right)^2\\4\left(2x^2+3\right)=\left(x+1\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\) (\(x\ge-1\))

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

\(\left(x\ne-y;x>\dfrac{y}{2}\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2x-y}}-\dfrac{21}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2x-y}}+\dfrac{7}{x+y}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(đặt:\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=a>0;\dfrac{1}{x+y}=b\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4a-21b=\dfrac{1}{2}\\3a+7b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\\b=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x-y}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{x+y}=\dfrac{1}{14}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-y=4\\x+y=14\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=8\end{matrix}\right.\)(thỏa)

ĐKXĐ: \(x>0\)

\(3\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)< 2\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+1\right)-9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)< 2\left(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}\right)^2-9\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}=a>0\)

\(\Rightarrow3a< 2a^2-9\Rightarrow2a^2-3a-9>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a-3\right)\left(2a+3\right)>0\)

\(\Rightarrow a-3>0\Rightarrow a>3\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{x}}>3\Leftrightarrow2x+1>6\sqrt{x}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-6\sqrt{x}+1>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}>\dfrac{3+\sqrt{7}}{2}\\0\le\sqrt{x}< \dfrac{3-\sqrt{7}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>\dfrac{8+3\sqrt{7}}{2}\\0\le x< \dfrac{8-3\sqrt{7}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)