A Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.

B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.

C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.

D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.

E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.

i. Preocess of paper recycling

ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment

iii. Collection of paper for recycling

iv. Sources of paper for recycling

v. Bad sides of paper recycling

vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper

Your answer:

1. Paragraph A .......................

2. Paragraph B .......................

3. Paragraph C .......................

4. Paragraph D .......................

5. Paragraph E .......................

From the point of view of recycling, paper has two advantages over minerals and oil
in that firstly it comes from a resource which is ........ (1) ........ and secondly, it is less threatening to our environment when we throw it away because it is ....... (2) ...... Although Australia’s record in the re-use of waste paper is good, it is still necessary to use a combination of recycled fibre and ........ (3) ........ to make new paper. The paper industry has contributed positively and people have also been encouraged by .........(4) ......... to collect their waste on a regular basis. One major difficulty is the removal of ink from used paper but ......... (5) ......... are being made in this area. However, we need to learn to accept paper which is generally of a lower ......... (6) ......... than before and to sort our waste paper by removing ......... (7) ........ before discarding it for collection.

XI. Read the text and answer the questions.

We know that paper is made from trees, so recycling paper helps to save trees. Saving trees helps to prevent air pollution, soil erosion and floods.

In Britain, 12.5 million tons of paper are used every year. An average person uses 38kg of paper each year. It takes 24 trees to make one ton of paper. 67 % of paper used in Britain is kept for recycling.

Paper recycling is so important and we should recycle our waste paper. To get the benefits of recycling, we must give our contribution to the work.

Paper recycling is also a great chore for children depending on their age. It is an important way for children to learn about responsibility for saving money and trees, and working together. Recycling chores help children to learn about going green and protecting natural resources. Children can also help with recycling at home, at school and in the community.

- erosion (n): sự xói mòn                                          - contribution (n): sự đóng góp

- responsibility (n): trách nhiệm

1. Recycling paper helps to save trees because _______.

     A. trees help to prevent air pollution                       B. paper is made from trees

     C. trees help to prevent soil erosion                         D. trees help to prevent floods

2. How much paper does an average person in Britain use each year?

     A. 12.5 million tons of paper                                     B. one ton of paper

     C. 38kg of paper                                                          D. 67 % of paper in Britain

3. Which of the following is true about paper recycling?

A. Paper recycling isn’t very important.

B. Paper recycling is a boring chore for children.

C. Children can’t do anything at home to help with recycling.

D. Paper recycling needs our contribution.

4. Paper recycling is an important way for children _______.

A. to learn about saving trees

B. to take responsibility for using paper

C. to know how to make paper from trees

D. to work together for money

5. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Children should use recycled paper.

B. Children must give their contribution to paper recycling.

C. Children can’t help with paper recycling at school.

D. Children can learn about saving trees and protecting resources

In this section you will find after the passage a number of questions about the passage. You must choose the one which you think fits best . Write your answers in the spaces below (1.0pt)

Paper is named for papyrus, a reed like plant used by ancient Egyptians as writing material more than 5000 years ago. The Chinese invented the paper that we use 2000 years ago.

A piece of paper is really made up of tiny fibers, unlike a piece of material. The fibers used in paper, however, are plant fibers, and there are millions of them in one sheet. In addition to the plant fiber, dyes and additives such as resin may be used. Dyes can make the paper different colors; resin may add weight and texture.

Where do these fibers come from ? The majority of paper is made from the plant fiber that comes from trees. Millions are cut down, but new trees are planted in their place. Paper may be also made from things like old rags or pieces of cloth. Wastepaper, paper that has been made and used, can be turned into recycled paper. This recycling process saves forest, energy and reduces air and water pollution.

1. According to the passage, the paper that we use was first invented by

A. the Chinese B. the Egyptians C. ancient cultures D. foresters

2. What is the main ingredient in most paper ?

A. resin B. cardboard C. plant fiber D. papyrus

3. According to the passage, the primary source of the plant fiber used in paper is

A. rags B. trees C. fabric D. wastepaper

4. According to the passage, recycling paper is

A. bad for the environment C. good for the environment

B. wasteful D. economical

5. According to the passage, recycling paper does all of the following EXCEPT

A. reduce the need for ink C. save energy

B. save forests D. reduce air pollution

Đọc đoạn văn, sau đó tìm, gạch chân và sửa lại lỗi sai( có 10 lỗi)

RECYCLING PAPER AND SAVING TREES

The world cuts up more than a millions trees every year to make paper and paper products. In the USA, each person using about 300 kilograms of paper each year. In Europe, the finger is 200 kilograms of paper each year. It takes two ton of wood and 200,000 liters of water to making a ton of paper. About thirty percent of our rubish is paper and paper products. It's stupid and wasteful to dump them. Paper on rubish dumps doesn't do somebody any good. It decays and produces poison gases. It's better to collect waste paper and other paper products and recycling them.

Read the passage carefully then answer the questions below:

Every day of the year throughout the world, about twenty million paper bags and newspapers are screwed and thrown away. Making paper requires a lot of wood pulp and the work of millions of workers. Many countries have had plans to recycle waste paper to save money and labor. In countries where there is the cooperation of the public, paper mills recycle as much as sixty percent of waste paper. Their simple work is to take away the ink, crush it up and make it into pulp again. For every ton of recycled newsprint, twelve trees can be saved. We can insist that the more paper people save, the more trees are preserved.

1. How many paper bags and newspapers are thrown away every day?

2. What have many countries done to save money and labor in making paper?

3. What do paper mills do to reuse waste paper?

4. How many trees can be saved for every ton of recycled newsprint?

5. Is recycling waste paper important?

Saving the Environment: One Home at a Time

Pollution can be seen not only throughout the world, but also in our own homes. It comes from household chemicals, the amount of water people use and the waste people produce and throw away. What can be done to stop this pollution? Surprisingly, a person can help save the environment by doing simple things.

First, we need to recycle, which allows products to be used over and over again. Recycling can also reduce the number of trees cut down to produce paper products. It takes very little effort. It is not hard to place plastic and glass bottles, aluminum cans and paper in a bin. Anyone can do it.

Second, we need to watch the amount of water used at home. It can be conserved by taking short showers instead of baths, repairing leaky faucets, using the dishwasher or washing machine only when fully loaded, or simply turning the faucet off while brushing your teeth.

Third, we need to reduce waste. We need to recycle whenever possible, but shouldalso try to use this waste effectively. For example, grass clippings and food scraps can be made into compost for plants. The average person produces 4.3 pounds of waste every day, but we can reduce that amount by recycling and reusing.

If we do our part in our own homes, we can help keep the planet from becoming more polluted.

1. Pollution is caused from the following sources except .

A. water in rivers B. water from households

C.wastes D. house chemicals

2. Recycling can help us .

A. never cut down trees B. produce more paper products

C.place garbage bins easily D. use products again and again

3. In order to save water, we can do all of the following things except .

A. fully use the washing machine

B.repair leaky faucets

C. take short showers instead of baths

D.turn the faucet off while brushing your teeth

4. Recycling helps to reduce waste because .

A. plants need to develop

B.waste can be recycled and reused

C.a person can do it in his home

D.an average man produces compost for plants

5. The word “It” in paragraph 2 refers to .

A. cutting down B. the number

C. recycling D. effort