\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{zx}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}+\dfrac{2}{z}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{zx}}+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z\)

\(M=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)

\(=\dfrac{yz\sqrt{x-1}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xz\sqrt{y-2}}{xyz}+\dfrac{xy\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{x}{2}\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\sqrt{y-2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}\le\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{2}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)

\(\sqrt{z-3}=\dfrac{\sqrt{3\left(z-3\right)}}{\sqrt{3}}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{3}}\cdot\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)

Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:

\(M\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\) (ĐPCM)

Chứng minh bằng phép biến đổi tương đương:

1.

\(\Leftrightarrow4+x+y\ge4\sqrt{x+y}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x+y-4\sqrt{x+y}+4\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+y}-2\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)

Vậy BĐT đã cho đúng

2.

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+z}{xyz}\ge\dfrac{4}{x^2+yz}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)\left(x^2+yz\right)\ge4xyz\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+y^2z+z^2y-4xyz\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x^2+z^2-2xz\right)+z\left(x^2+y^2-2xy\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(x-z\right)^2+z\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (đúng)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) \(\ge\) \(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xy}}\) (1)

\(\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{yz}}\) (2)

\(\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{xz}}\) (3)

Cộng (1);(2);(3) vế theo vế ta được:

\(2\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)\)

=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\) (đpcm)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM, Ta có

\(\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{1+x-1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\Rightarrow yz\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{xyz}{2}\)

Mà \(xz\sqrt{y-2}\le\dfrac{xz\sqrt{2\left(y-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}}\le\dfrac{xyz}{2\sqrt{2}}\)

\(yx\sqrt{z-3}\le yx.\dfrac{3+z-3}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{xyz}{2\sqrt{3}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{xy\sqrt{x-1}+xz\sqrt{y-2}+yz\sqrt{z-3}}{xyz}\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{4}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{6}\)

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(VT=\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-xy}}{4yz+1}\ge\sum\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}=\sum\dfrac{\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+z\right)^2+1}\)

Set \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=a\\y+z=b\\z+x=c\end{matrix}\right.\)thì giả thiết trở thành \(a+b+c=3\) và cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}.\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)( đến đây quen thuộc rồi)

Ta có:\(\sum\dfrac{a}{b^2+1}=\sum a-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{b^2+1}\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab^2}{2b}\)(AM-GM)

\(VT\ge3-\sum\dfrac{ab}{2}\ge3-\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)( AM-GM)

Vậy ta có đpcm.Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1 hay \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

a) Giả sử \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{3}.3\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge x^2+xy+y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-3xy+3y^2-x^2-xy-y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-4xy+2y^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng với mọi \(x,y\in R\)).

Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\).

Vậy \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\).

Đặt \(A=\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)

Và đặt \(B=\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\left(x,y,z>0\right)\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=m,\sqrt{y}=n,\sqrt{z}=p\left(m,n,p>0\right)\)thì theo đề bài : \(m+n+p=2\)

Lúc đó:

\(A=\frac{m^2.m}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^2.n}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^2.p}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(A=\frac{m^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

Và \(B=\frac{n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

Xét hiệu \(A-B=\frac{m^3-n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3-p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3-m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\frac{\left(m-n\right)\left(m^2+mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n-p\right)\left(n^2+np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p-m\right)\left(p^2+pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=\left(m-n\right)+\left(n-p\right)+\left(p-m\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A-B=m-n+n-p+p-m=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A=B\)

Xét \(A+B=\frac{m^3+n^3}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{n^3+p^3}{n^2+np+p^2}+\frac{p^3+m^3}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A+A=2A=\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+m+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\)

Theo câu a), ta có \(x^2-xy+y^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\)với \(x,y\in R\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x^2+xy+y^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(1\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức (1) (với \(m,n>0\)), ta được:

\(\frac{m^2-mn+n^2}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{1}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}\left(2\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow m=n>0\)

Chứng minh tương tự, ta được:

\(\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\ge\frac{n+p}{3}\left(3\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow n=p>0\)

\(\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2+pm+m^2}\ge\frac{p+m}{2}\left(4\right)\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow p=m>0\)

Từ \(\left(2\right),\left(3\right),\left(4\right)\), ta được:

\(\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(m^2-mn+n^2\right)}{m^2+mn+n^2}+\frac{\left(n+p\right)\left(n^2-np+p^2\right)}{n^2+np+p^2}\)\(+\frac{\left(p+m\right)\left(p^2-pm+m^2\right)}{p^2-pm+m^2}\ge\frac{m+n}{3}+\frac{n+p}{3}+\frac{p+m}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{m+n+n+p+p+m}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2A\ge\frac{2\left(m+n+p\right)}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{m+n+p}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge\frac{2}{3}\)(vì \(m+n+p=2\)) (điều phải chứng minh).

Dấu bằng xảy ra.

\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m=n=p>0\\m+n+p=2\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow m=n=p=\frac{2}{3}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{z}=\frac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{4}{9}\)

Vậy nếu \(x,y,z>0\) và \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}=2\)thì: \(\frac{x\sqrt{x}}{x+\sqrt{xy}+y}+\frac{y\sqrt{y}}{y+\sqrt{yz}+z}+\frac{z\sqrt{z}}{z+\sqrt{zx}+x}\ge\frac{2}{3}\).

\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+2}{\left(xy\right)^2+x^2+y^2+1}=1-\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-1}{\left(xy\right)^2+x^2+y^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^2-1}{\left(xy\right)^2+2xy+1}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge1-\dfrac{\left(xy+1\right)\left(xy-1\right)}{\left(xy+1\right)^2}=1-\dfrac{xy-1}{xy+1}=\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\) (đpcm)

b. Tương tự câu a:

\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+zx}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+yz}\)

Cộng vế với vế và rút gọn:

\(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{z+zx}\) (1)

Mà \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}z\ge1\Rightarrow1+xy\le1+xyz\\y\ge1\Rightarrow1+zx\le1+xyz\\x\ge1\Rightarrow1+yz\le1+xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{1+zx}\ge\dfrac{1}{1+xyz}+\dfrac{1}{1+xyz}+\dfrac{1}{1+xyz}=\dfrac{3}{1+xyz}\) (2)

TỪ (1); (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+xy}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+x^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+y^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+xy}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(1+xy\right)-\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1+xy\right)-\left(1+y^2\right)}{\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(xy-x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)+\left(xy-y^2\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}{\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+xy\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy+xy^3-x^2-x^2y^2+xy+x^3y-y^2-x^2y^2}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2xy+xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2x^2y^2-x^2-y^2}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+y^2\right)\left(1+x^2\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{xy\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2\left(xy-1\right)}{\left(1+xy\right)\left(1+x^2\right)\left(1+y^2\right)}\ge0\)(luôn đúng)

=> Đẳng thức ban đầu được chứng minh.

P/s: Cái đoạn sau bạn bổ sung thêm vào là vì x và y lớn hơn bằng 1 nên xy-1 sẽ lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0 nhé, mình lười quá ngại chèn:vv.

Còn câu b bạn đợi mình nháp xíu.