\(\dfrac{x+1}{59}+\dfrac{x+3}{57}+\dfrac{x+5}{55}=\dfrac{x+7}{53}+\dfrac{x+9}{51}+\dfrac{x+11}{49}\)

\(< =>\dfrac{x+1}{59}+1+\dfrac{x+3}{57}+1+\dfrac{x+5}{55}+1=\dfrac{x+7}{53}+1+\dfrac{x+9}{51}+1+\dfrac{x+11}{49}+1\)

\(< =>\dfrac{x+60}{59}+\dfrac{x+60}{57}+\dfrac{x+60}{55}=\dfrac{x+60}{53}+\dfrac{x+60}{51}+\dfrac{x+60}{49}\)

\(< =>\left(x+60\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{57}+\dfrac{1}{55}-\dfrac{1}{53}-\dfrac{1}{51}-\dfrac{1}{49}\right)=0\\ < =>x+60=0\\ < =>x=-60\)

Ta có : \(\dfrac{x+1}{59}+\dfrac{x+3}{57}+\dfrac{x+5}{55}=\dfrac{x+7}{53}+\dfrac{x+9}{51}+\dfrac{x+11}{49}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+1}{59}+\dfrac{x+3}{57}+\dfrac{x+5}{55}+3\text{=}\dfrac{x+7}{53}+\dfrac{x+9}{51}+\dfrac{x+11}{49}+3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+1}{59}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{57}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+5}{55}+1\right)\text{=}\left(\dfrac{x+7}{53}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+9}{51}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+11}{49}+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{x+1}{59}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+3}{57}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+5}{55}+1\right)\text{=}\left(\dfrac{x+7}{53}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+9}{51}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{x+11}{49}+1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+60}{59}+\dfrac{x+60}{57}+\dfrac{x+60}{55}\text{=}\dfrac{x+60}{53}+\dfrac{x+60}{51}+\dfrac{x+60}{49}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+60}{59}+\dfrac{x+60}{57}+\dfrac{x+60}{55}-\dfrac{x+60}{53}-\dfrac{x+60}{51}-\dfrac{x-60}{49}\text{=}0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+60\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{57}+\dfrac{1}{55}-\dfrac{1}{53}-\dfrac{1}{51}-\dfrac{1}{49}\right)\text{=}0\)

\(Do\) \(\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{57}+\dfrac{1}{55}-\dfrac{1}{53}-\dfrac{1}{51}-\dfrac{1}{49}\ne0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+60\right)\text{=}0\)

\(x\text{=}-60\)

\(Vậy...\)

Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{35}+\frac{1}{37}+\frac{1}{47}+\frac{1}{53}+\frac{1}{61}\)

Ta có:

\(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{35}+\frac{1}{37}+\frac{1}{47}+\frac{1}{53}+\frac{1}{61}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{35}+\frac{1}{37}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{47}+\frac{1}{53}+\frac{1}{61}\right)\)

Nhận xét:

\(\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{35}+\frac{1}{37}< \frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}\)

\(\frac{1}{47}+\frac{1}{53}+\frac{1}{61}< \frac{1}{45}+\frac{1}{45}+\frac{1}{45}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{45}+\frac{1}{45}+\frac{1}{45}\right)\)

Mà \(\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}+\frac{1}{30}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{45}+\frac{1}{45}+\frac{1}{45}\right)=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{15}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{31}+\frac{1}{35}+\frac{1}{37}+\frac{1}{47}+\frac{1}{53}+\frac{1}{61}< \frac{1}{2}\) (Đpcm)

Giải:

Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}\)

Ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)

Nhận xét:

\(\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}< \dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{30}+...+\dfrac{1}{30}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}< \dfrac{1}{40}+\dfrac{1}{40}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}< \dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{50}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{47}{60}< \dfrac{48}{60}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{4}{5}\left(1\right)\)

Lại có:

\(\dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}>\dfrac{1}{40}+\dfrac{1}{40}+...+\dfrac{1}{40}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{41}+\dfrac{1}{42}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}>\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{50}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}=\dfrac{1}{5}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}>\dfrac{1}{60}+\dfrac{1}{60}+...+\dfrac{1}{60}=\dfrac{1}{6}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{37}{60}>\dfrac{36}{60}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)

\(\Rightarrow A>\dfrac{3}{5}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{5}< A< \dfrac{4}{5}\)

Vậy \(\dfrac{3}{5}< \dfrac{1}{31}+\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{59}+\dfrac{1}{60}< \dfrac{4}{5}\) (Đpcm)

Đặt

Ta có:

Nhận xét:

Lại có:

Từ và

Vậy

a) $A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99.100}$

$=>A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}$

$=>A=(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{99})-(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100})$

$=>A=(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{100})-(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}.2)$

$=>A=(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{100})-(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+...+\dfrac{1}{50})$

$=>A=\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}$

b) Ta có : $A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}$

$=>A=(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3})-(\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5})-...-(\dfrac{1}{98}-\dfrac{1}{99})-\dfrac{1}{100}$

$=>A<1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{5}{6}$

Có thể làm như sau

Ta thấy \(\dfrac{1}{51}< \dfrac{1}{50}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{52}< \dfrac{1}{50}\)

.......

\(\dfrac{1}{100}< \dfrac{1}{50}\)

=> A = \(\dfrac{1}{50}+\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}< \dfrac{1}{50}.50=1\)

Lại có

\(\dfrac{1}{51}>\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{52}>\dfrac{1}{100}\)

.......

\(\dfrac{1}{99}>\dfrac{1}{100}\)

=> A = \(\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+\dfrac{1}{53}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}>\dfrac{1}{100}.50=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

=> \(\dfrac{1}{2}< A< 1\)

Vậy A không phải số tự nhiên

Ta thấy:

\(\dfrac{1}{51}< \dfrac{1}{50}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{52}< \dfrac{1}{50}\)

...

\(\dfrac{1}{100}< \dfrac{1}{50}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}< \dfrac{1}{50}.50=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\left(1\right)\)

Lại có:

\(\dfrac{1}{51}>\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{52}>\dfrac{1}{100}\)

...

\(\dfrac{1}{100}=\dfrac{1}{100}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}>\dfrac{1}{100}.50=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}>\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1),(2)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{1}{51}+\dfrac{1}{52}+...+\dfrac{1}{100}< 1\)

Nếu:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+n}{b+n}< 1\left(n\in N\right)\)

\(B=\dfrac{10^{20}+1}{10^{21}+1}< 1\)

\(B< \dfrac{10^{20}+1+9}{10^{21}+1+9}\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10^{20}+10}{10^{21}+10}\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10\left(10^{19}+1\right)}{10\left(10^{20}+1\right)}\Rightarrow B< \dfrac{10^{19}+1}{10^{20}+1}=A\)\(\Rightarrow B< A\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x-1}{59}+\dfrac{x-2}{58}+\dfrac{x-3}{57}=\dfrac{x-4}{56}+\dfrac{x-5}{55}+\dfrac{x-6}{54}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-60}{59}+\dfrac{x-60}{58}+\dfrac{x-60}{57}-\dfrac{x-60}{56}-\dfrac{x-60}{55}-\dfrac{x-60}{54}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x-60=0\)

hay x=60

Bài 1:

1) \(9A=3^3+3^5+...+3^{113}\)

\(\Rightarrow8A=9A-A=3^3+3^5+...+3^{113}-3-3^3-...-3^{111}=3^{113}-3\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{3^{113}-3}{8}\)

2) \(9B=3^4+3^6+...+3^{202}\)

\(\Rightarrow8B=9B-B=3^4+3^6+...+3^{202}-3^2-3^4-...-3^{200}=3^{202}-3^2=3^{202}-9\)

\(\Rightarrow B=\dfrac{3^{202}-9}{8}\)

3) \(25C=5^3+5^5+...+5^{101}\)

\(\Rightarrow24C=25C-C=5^3+5^5+...+5^{101}-5-5^3-...-5^{99}=5^{101}-5\)

\(\Rightarrow C=\dfrac{5^{101}-5}{24}\)

4) \(25D=5^4+5^6+...+5^{102}\)

\(\Rightarrow24D=25D-D=5^4+5^6+...+5^{102}-5^2-5^4-...-5^{100}=5^{102}-25\)

\(\Rightarrow D=\dfrac{5^{102}-25}{24}\)

Bài 2:

a) Gọi d là UCLN(2n+1,n+1)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n+1⋮d\\n+1⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n+1⋮d\\2n+2⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2n+2\right)-\left(2n+1\right)⋮d\Rightarrow1⋮d\)

Vậy 2n+1 và n+1 là 2 số nguyên tố cùng nhau

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2n+1}{n+1}\) là phân số tối giản

b) Gọi d là UCLN(2n+3,3n+4)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2n+3⋮d\\3n+4⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6n+9⋮d\\6n+8⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(6n+9\right)-\left(6n+8\right)⋮d\Rightarrow1⋮d\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2n+3}{3n+4}\) là phân số tối giản