Biết \(u_1=a,u_2=-b,u_{n+2}=u_{n+1}-u_n\) với n ϵ N sao. Tính \(u_{2002}\)
Cho cấp số cộng \(\left( {{u_n}} \right)\) có công sai \(d\).
a) Tính các tổng: \({u_1} + {u_n};{u_2} + {u_{n - 1}};{u_3} + {u_{n - 2}};...;{u_k} + {u_{n - k + 1}}\) theo \({u_1},n\) và \(d\).
b) Chứng tỏ rằng \(2\left( {{u_1} + {u_2} + ... + {u_n}} \right) = n\left( {{u_1} + {u_n}} \right)\).
\(a,u_1+u_n=u_1+\left[u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]=u_1+u_1+\left(n-1\right)d=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=\left[u_1+d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-2\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_k+u_{n-k+1}=\left[u_1+\left(k-1\right)d\right]+\left[u_1+\left(n-k+1-1\right)d\right]=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)
\(b,u_1+u_n=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ u_2+u_{n-1}=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\\ ...\\ u_n+u_1=2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\)
Cộng vế với vế, ta được:
\(2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left[2u_1+\left(n-1\right)d\right]\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_n\right)=n\left(u_1+u_n\right)\)
Cho dãy \(u_n\) thỏa\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a,u_2=b\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{u_{n+1}+u_n}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\). TÍnh \(limu_n\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a;u_2=b\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=a,u_2=b\\u_{n+2}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(v_{n+1}=u_{n+1}+\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_2=u_2+\dfrac{1}{2}u_1=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\\v_{n+1}=v_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a\Rightarrow u_{n+1}=b+\dfrac{1}{2}a-\dfrac{1}{2}u_n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left[u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\right]\)
\(t_n=u_n-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}t_1=u_1-\dfrac{1}{3}a-\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\\t_{n+1}=-\dfrac{1}{2}t_n\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow t_n=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}\Rightarrow u_n=t_n+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\)
\(\Rightarrow limun=\lim\limits\left[\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a-b\right)\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{n-1}+\dfrac{1}{3}a+\dfrac{2}{3}b\right]=0\)
Cho dãy số \((u_n)\) được xác định : \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l} {u_1} = 2019\\ {u_n} = - \frac{{2019}}{n}({u_1} + {u_2} + ... + {u_{n - 1}}),n > 1 \end{array} \right.\) .Tính \(T = 2{u_1} + {2^2}{u_2} + ... + {2^{2019}}{u_{2019}}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=2\\u_{n+1}=\dfrac{u_n^2+2016u_n}{2017}\end{matrix}\right.\). Tính \(limS;S=\dfrac{u_1}{u_2-1}+\dfrac{u_2}{u_3-1}+...+\dfrac{u_n}{u_{n+1}-1}\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=\dfrac{1}{2};u_2=3\\u_{n+2}=\dfrac{u_{n+1}.u_n+1}{u_{n+1}+u_n}\end{matrix}\right.\). tìm \(\left(u_n\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=1\\u_{n+1}=\dfrac{u_n^{2016}}{2015}+u_n\end{matrix}\right.\). Tính \(s=lim\left(\dfrac{u_1^{2015}}{u_2}+\dfrac{u_2^{2015}}{u_3}+...+\dfrac{u_n^{2015}}{u_{n+1}}\right)\)
Cho \(\left(U_n\right):\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=2019\\u_n=\dfrac{-2019}{n}.\left(u_1+u_2+...+u_{n-1}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\). Tính: \(A=2u_1+2^2u_2+...+2^{2019}u_{2019}\)
Cho dãy số \(\left\{U_n\right\}\) được xác định như sau: \(U_1=\dfrac{1}{3},U_n=\dfrac{\left(n^2-1\right)U_{n-1}}{n\left(n+2\right)}\) (Với \(n=2;3;4...\)). Tính gần đúng giá trị của biểu thức \(A=U_1+U_2+U_3+...+U_{2015}\).
\(U_n=\dfrac{\left(n^2-1\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}U_{n-1}\Rightarrow n\left(n+2\right).U_n=\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right).U_{n-1}\)
Đặt \(n\left(n+2\right).U_n=V_n\Rightarrow V_{n-1}=\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2-1\right).U_{n-1}=\left(n-1\right).\left(n+1\right)U_{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_n=V_{n-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow V_n=V_{n-1}=V_{n-2}=...=V_1\)
Có \(V_1=1.\left(1+2\right).U_1=1\)
\(\Rightarrow V_n=1\)
\(\Rightarrow U_n=\dfrac{V_n}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{2.4}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2015.2017}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2015}-\dfrac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2016}-\dfrac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(=...\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=u_2=1\\u_n=u_{n-1}+u_{n-2}\end{matrix}\right.\forall n>2,n\in N^{sao}\)
Viết 5 số hạng đầu của dãy số \(u_n\)
\(u_1=1\)
\(u_2=1\)
\(u_3=u_2+u_1=1+1=2\)
\(u_4=u_3+u_2=2+1=3\)
\(u_5=u_4+u_3=3+2=5\)