Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0,5.1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{1}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được MgO dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5\left(M\right)\)

a)

\(n_{Al} = \dfrac{0,54}{27} = 0,02(mol) \\n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,1.0,5 = 0,05(mol) \)

PTHH : \(2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2\)

Theo PTHH , ta thấy :

\(n_{Al}.\dfrac{3}{2} = 0,03(mol) < n_{H_2SO_4}\) nên H₂SO₄ dư.

Ta có : \(n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe} = 0,03(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,03.22,4 = 0,672(lít)\)

b)

Ta có : 

\(n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al} = 0,03(mol)\\ n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 0,05 - 0,03 = 0,02(mol)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = 0,5n_{Al} = 0,01(mol)\)

Vậy :

\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,02}{0,1} = 0,2M\\ C_{M_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}} = \dfrac{0,01}{0,1} = 0,1M\)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

a, Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1.0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,05}{3}\) , ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

b, Dung dịch sau pư chỉ gồm Al₂(SO₄)₃.

Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{60}}{0,1}\approx0,16\left(M\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\cdot0,5=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,05}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\) Al còn dư, H₂SO₄ phản ứng hết

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,05mol\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

b) Theo PTHH: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{60}\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{60}}{0,1}\approx0,17\left(M\right)\)

a) $2NaOH + Cl_2 \to NaCl + NaCl + H_2O$

b) $n_{Cl_2} = \dfrac{6,5}{22,4} = 0,29(mol)$

$n_{NaOH} = 2n_{Cl_2} = 0,58(mol)$

$V_{dd\ NaOH} = \dfrac{0,58}{1} = 0,58(lít)$

$n_{NaCl} = n_{NaClO} = n_{Cl_2} = 0,29(mol)$
$C_{M_{NaCl}} = C_{M_{NaClO}} = \dfrac{0,29}{0,58} = 0,5M$

\(CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{CuO}=\dfrac{8}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ V_{ddsau}=V_{ddHCl}=0,2\left(l\right)\\ n_{CuCl_2}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddCuCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)

PTHH: \(CaCl_2+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+2NaCl\)

a+b) Ta có: \(n_{CaCl_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(mol\right)\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,2\cdot100=20\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{NaCl}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,1+0,2}\approx1,33\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

c) PTHH: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CaCO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{10\%}=146\left(g\right)\)

a.PTHH:CaCl2+Na2CO3--->CaCO3+2NaCl

Ta có:nCaCl2=0,2

=>nCaCO3=nCaCl2=0,2(mol)=>mCaCO3(kết tủa)=100.0,2=2(g)

b.Vdd=100+200=300(ml)=0,3(l)

CM Nacl=(2.0,2)/0,3=4/3(M)(Đề cho 2 chất td vừa đủ nên dd sau pứ chỉ có NaCl)

c.CaCO3+2HCl--->CaCl2+CO2+H2O

nHCl(cần dùng)=2.0.2=0,4(mol)=>mHCl=36,5.0,4=14,6(g)

=>mddHCl=14,6/10%=146(g)

\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.5=0.05\left(mol\right)\)

\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)

\(0.05.......0.05.......0.05\)

Dung dịch D : 0.05 (mol) KOH , 0.05 (mol) KCl

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.05}{0.1+0.1}=0.5\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)

\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)

\(0.05.........0.025\)

\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.025}{1}=0.025\left(l\right)\)

a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.0,1=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,03}{3}\) => Al dư, H₂SO₄ hết

X là Al₂(SO₄)₃; Y là H₂; Z là Al_(dư)

PTHH: 2Al + 3H₂SO₄ --> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

          0,02<----0,03-------->0,01

=> m = 5,4 - 0,02.27 = 4,86 (g)

b)\(C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,1}=0,1M\)