Câu 1 :

a)  PTHH : 

 \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1) 

  \(H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)(2)

b) Ta có : \(n_{Zn}=\frac{3,5}{65}\approx0,054\left(mol\right)\)

Theo phương trình hóa học (1) :

\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}\approx0,054\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}\approx0,054\cdot22,4=1,2096\left(l\right)\)

c) Theo phương trình hóa học (2), ta có:

\(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}\approx0,054\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}\approx0,054\cdot64=3,456\left(g\right)\)

Bài 2:

a) Ta có : \(n_{Al}=\frac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\frac{200\cdot7,3}{100\cdot36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Theo phương trình hóa học : \(n_{H_2}=\frac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\frac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

b) Theo phương trình hóa học , ta có : \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\)

Lại có: \(m_{H_2}=0,15\cdot2=0,3\left(g\right)\)

Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng, ta có:

\(m_{Al}+m_{dd_{HCl}}=m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}+m_{H_2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2,7+200=m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}+0,3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=202,4\left(g\right)\)

Vậy \(C\%_{dd_{AlCl_3}}=\frac{13,35}{202,4}\cdot100\%\approx6,6\%\)

PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  (1)

             \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)  (2)

a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)

b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)

c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5.20\%}{36,5}=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,6}{2}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,6-0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,2=27,2\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{ddsau}=13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{122,1}.100\approx22,277\%\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{122,1}.100\approx5,979\%\)

Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl₂ + H₂ 

a, n_Zn = 13/65= 0,2(mol)

m_HCl= 109,5.20%/100%=21.9(g)

n_HCl=21,9/36,5=0,6(mol)

Theo PT n_HCl = 2n_Zn= 2.0,2= 0,4(mol)<0,6(mol)

=> HCl pư dư, Zn pư hết

Theo PT: n_H2= n_Zn =0,2(mol)

V_H2=0,2.22,4=4,48(l)

b, Theo PT: n_ZnCl2=n_Zn=0,2(mol)

m_ZnCl2= 0,2.136=27,2(g)

c, mdd sau pư= 13+109,5-0,2.2=122,1(g)

C%dd ZnCl2=27,2.100%/122,1=22,28%

n_HCl dư= 0,6-0,4=0,2(mol)

mHcl

a,\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl₂ + H₂

Mol:    0,15     0,3

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\) ⇒ H₂ pứ hết,Fe dư

\(V_{H_2}=3,36\left(l\right)\) (đề cho)

b, ko tính đc k/lg dd ,chỉ tính đc thể tích dd

\(V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2}{1}=0,2\left(l\right)=200\left(ml\right)\)

\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.18,25}{100}=18,25\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\\ pthh:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)  
            0,125                            0,125 (mol ) 
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\\ \)   
\(C\%=\dfrac{8,125}{8,125+18,25}.100\%=30,8\%\)
 

Bài 18:

Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{8,125}{65}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,125}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{H_2}=0,125.2=0,25\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,125\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Có: m _{dd sau pư} = 8,125 + 100 - 0,25 = 107,875 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,125.136}{107,875}.100\%\approx15,76\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,25.36,5}{107,875}.100\%\approx8,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

`a)PTHH:`

`Zn + 2HCl -> ZnCl_2 + H_2↑`

`0,125`  `0,25`    `0,125`    `0,125`      `(mol)`

`b)n_[Zn] = [ 8,125 ] / 65 = 0,125 (mol)`

`n_[HCl] = [ [ 18,25 ] / 100 . 100 ] / [ 36,5 ] = 0,5 (mol)`

Ta có: `[ 0,125 ] / 1 < [ 0,5 ] / 2`

    `-> Zn` hết, `HCl` dư

 `=> V_[H_2] = 0,125 . 22,4 = 2,8 (l)`

 `=> m_[H_2] = 0,125 . 2 = 0,25 (g)`

`c)m_\text{dd sau p/ứ} = 8,125 + 100 - 0,25 = 107,875 (g)`

`=> C%_[ZnCl_2] = [ 0,125 . 136 ] / [ 107,875 ] . 100 ~~ 15,76%`

`=> C%_[HCl(dư)] = [ ( 0,5 - 0,25 ) . 36,5 ] / [ 107,875 ] . 100 ~~ 8,46%`

\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{40}{100}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ CO_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+H_2O\\ n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ m_{NaOH}=0,8.40=32\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{32.100}{25}=128\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{m_{ddNaOH}}{D_{ddNaOH}}=\dfrac{128}{1,28}=100\left(ml\right)=0,1\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 0,25.........0,5.........0,25.......0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a.V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\\ b.m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\\ c.n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2Fe+3H_2O\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,25}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\\ \Rightarrow Fe_2O_3dư\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,25=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56\approx9,333\left(g\right)\)

a,\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Mol:    0,25     0,5                      0,25

\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

b,\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

c,\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O

Mol:                   0,25      \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,25}{3}\)⇒ Fe₂O₃ dư, H₂ hết

\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56=9,33\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

          1        2              1            1

        0,25    0,5                        0,25

a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,25.1}{1}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)

b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,25.2}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{Fe2O3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(3H_2+Fe_2O_3\rightarrow\left(t_o\right)2Fe+3H_2O|\)

         3           1                  2           3

       0,25       0,1                \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)

Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,25}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{1}\)

                  ⇒ H₂ phản ứng hết , Fe₂O₃ dư

                  ⇒ Tính toán dựa vào số mol của H₂

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,25.2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{6}.56=9,3\left(g\right)\)

 Chúc bạn học tốt

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\ b,m_{HCl}=0,2.36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\\ m_{FeCl_2}=127.0,1=12,7\left(g\right)\)

Cái khí ở dạng phân tử nên là H₂ chứ không phải H em nha!