a) (x - 1)(x - 2).                        b) 4(x - 2)(x - 7).

c) (x + 2)(2x +1).                    d) (x - l)(2x - 7).

e) (2x + 3y - 3)(2x - 3y +1).    g) (x - 3)( x 3   +   x 2  - x +1).

h) (x + y)(x + y-l)(x + y + l).

Bài 1:

\(a,=15x^4-12x^3+9x^2\\ b,=-15x^3y^2+25x^2y^2-5xy^3\\ c,=5x^3-15x^2-4x^2+12x=5x^3-19x^2+12x\\ d,=3x^3-9x^2y+xy^2-3y^3+5x^2y-15xy^2=3x^3-3y^3-4x^2y-14xy^2\)

Bài 2:

\(a,=x^2+4x-21-x^2-4x+5=-16\\ b,=x^2+16x+64-2x^2-12x+32+x^2-4x+4=100\\ c,=x^4-16x^2-x^4+1=1-16x^2\\ d,=x^3+1-x^3+1=2\)

Chia câu ra đi ạ

*Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất

a) \(A=x^2-4x+1\)

Ta có: \(A=x^2-4x+1\)

\(=x^2-4x+4-5=\left(x-2\right)^2-5\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2-5\ge-5\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(A=x^2-4x+1\) là -5 khi x=2

b) \(B=4x^2+4x+11\)

Ta có: \(B=4x^2+4x+11\)

\(=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot1+1+10=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\)

Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow2x+1=0\Leftrightarrow2x=-1\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)

Vậy: Giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức \(B=4x^2+4x+11\) là 10 khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)

*Tìm giá trị lớn nhất

e) \(E=5-8x-x^2\)

Ta có: \(E=5-8x-x^2\)

\(=-\left(-5+8x+x^2\right)=-\left(x^2+8x-5\right)=-\left(x^2+8x+16-21\right)=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\)

Ta có: \(\left(x+4\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+4\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+4\right)^2+21\le21\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x+4\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+4=0\Leftrightarrow x=-4\)

Vậy: Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(E=5-8x-x^2\) là 21 khi x=-4

f) \(F=4x-x^2+1\)

Ta có: \(F=4x-x^2+1\)

\(=-\left(-4x+x^2-1\right)\)

\(=-\left(x^2-4x-1\right)=-\left(x^2-4x+4-5\right)\)

\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\)

Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2\le0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-2\right)^2+5\le5\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vậy: Giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(F=4x-x^2+1\) là 5 khi x=2

a.

\(A=x^2-4x+4+2=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)

GTNN của A đạt 2 khi và chỉ khi \(x=2\)

b.

\(B=y^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

GTNN của B đạt \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c.

\(C=x^2-4x+4+y^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\\ =\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)

GTNN của C đạt \(\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi và chỉ khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(A=x^2-4x+6\)

\(A=x^2-4x+4+2\)

\(A=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\)

Mà: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\) nên \(A=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(\left(x-2\right)^2+2=2\Leftrightarrow x-2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)

Vậy: \(A_{min}=2\) khi \(x=2\)

b) \(B=y^2-y+1\)

\(B=y^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(B=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge\forall x\) nên \(B=\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(B_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c) \(C=x^2-4x+y^2-y+5\)

\(C=x^2-4x+4+y^2-y+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(C=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Mà: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\\\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\end{matrix}\right.\) nên 

\(C=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: \(C_{min}=\dfrac{3}{4}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

a: \(=\left(3-x\right)\left(x+1\right)\)

b: \(=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)

=(x-y)(3x-5)

c: \(=x\left(x-y\right)-10\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-10\right)\)

a) \(=x\left(3-x\right)+\left(3-x\right)=\left(3-x\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

b) \(=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x-5\right)\)

c) \(=x\left(x-y\right)-10\left(x-y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-10\right)\)

d) \(=\left(x+y\right)^2-16=\left(x+y-4\right)\left(x+y+4\right)\)

e) \(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-4\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-4\right)\)

f) \(=9-\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)=9-\left(2x-y\right)^2=\left(3-2x+y\right)\left(3+2x-y\right)\)

g) \(=y\left(y^2-2xy+x^2-y\right)\)

h) \(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-4\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\)

i) \(=x\left(x-y\right)+\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)=\left(x-y\right)\left(2x+y\right)\)

a) \(\left(2x+3y\right)^2=\left(2x\right)^2+2\cdot2x\cdot3y+\left(3y\right)^2=4x^2+12xy+9y^2\)

b) \(\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{4}+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2=x^2+\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\)

c) \(\left(x^2+\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)\left(x^2-\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)=\left(x^2\right)^2-\left(\dfrac{2}{5}y\right)^2=x^4-\dfrac{4}{25}y^2\)

d) \(\left(2x+y^2\right)^3=\left(2x\right)^3+3\cdot\left(2x\right)^2\cdot y^2+3\cdot2x\cdot\left(y^2\right)^2+\left(y^2\right)^3=8x^3+12x^2y^2+6xy^4+y^6\)

e) \(\left(3x^2-2y\right)^2=\left(3x^2\right)^2-2\cdot3x^2\cdot2y+\left(2y\right)^2=9x^4-12x^2y+4y^2\)

f) \(\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2-4x+16\right)=x^3+4^3=x^3+64\)

g) \(\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\cdot\left(x^4+\dfrac{1}{3}x^2+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)=\left(x^2\right)^3-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}\right)^3=x^6-\dfrac{1}{27}\)

a. 

$x^2-y^2-2x+2y=(x^2-y^2)-(2x-2y)=(x-y)(x+y)-2(x-y)=(x-y)(x+y-2)$

b.

$x^2(x-1)+16(1-x)=x^2(x-1)-16(x-1)=(x-1)(x^2-16)=(x-1)(x-4)(x+4)$

c.

$x^2+4x-y^2+4=(x^2+4x+4)-y^2=(x+2)^2-y^2=(x+2-y)(x+2+y)$

d.

$x^3-3x^2-3x+1=(x^3+1)-(3x^2+3x)=(x+1)(x^2-x+1)-3x(x+1)$

$=(x+1)(x^2-4x+1)$

e.

$x^4+4y^4=(x^2)^2+(2y^2)^2+2.x^2.2y^2-4x^2y^2$

$=(x^2+2y^2)^2-(2xy)^2=(x^2+2y^2-2xy)(x^2+2y^2+2xy)$

f.

$x^4-13x^2+36=(x^4-4x^2)-(9x^2-36)$

$=x^2(x^2-4)-9(x^2-4)=(x^2-9)(x^2-4)=(x-3)(x+3)(x-2)(x+2)$

g.

$(x^2+x)^2+4x^2+4x-12=(x^2+x)^2+4(x^2+x)-12$

$=(x^2+x)^2-2(x^2+x)+6(x^2+x)-12$

$=(x^2+x)(x^2+x-2)+6(x^2+x-2)=(x^2+x-2)(x^2+x+6)$

$=[x(x-1)+2(x-1)](x^2+x+6)=(x-1)(x+2)(x^2+x+6)$

h.

$x^6+2x^5+x^4-2x^3-2x^2+1$

$=(x^6+2x^5+x^4)-(2x^3+2x^2)+1$

$=(x^3+x^2)^2-2(x^3+x^2)+1=(x^3+x^2-1)^2$

a.

\(1-4x^2=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\)

b.

\(8-27x^3=\left(2\right)^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)

c.

\(27+27x+9x^2+x^3=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.3^2.x+3^3\)

\(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)

d.

\(2x^3+4x^2+2x=2x\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)^2\)

e.

\(x^2-y^2-5x+5y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)

f.

\(x^2-6x+9-y^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-3-y\right)\left(x-3+y\right)\)

g. 10x(x-y)-6y(y-x)

=10x(x-y)+6y(x-y)

=(x-y)(10x+6y)

h.x²-4x-5

=(x-5)(x+1)

i.x⁴-y⁴ = (x²-y²)(x²+y²)

B2.

a.5(x-2)=x-2

⇔5(x-2)-(x-2)=0

⇔4(x-2)=0

⇔x=2

b.3(x-5)=5-x

⇔3(x-5)+(x-5)=0

⇔4(x-5)=0

⇔x=5

c.(x+2)²-(x+2)(x-2)=0

⇔(x+2)[(x+2)-(x-2)]=0

⇔4(x+2)=0

⇔x=-2