Nêu định nghĩa của \(\tan\alpha,\cot\alpha\) và giải thích vì sao ta có :
\(\tan\left(\alpha+k\pi\right)=\tan\alpha;k\in Z\)
\(\cot\left(\alpha+k\pi\right)=\cot\alpha,k\in Z\)
Chứng minh rằng với mọi \(\alpha\), ta luôn có :
a) \(\sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=\cos\alpha\)
b) \(\cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=-\sin\alpha\)
c) \(\tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=-\cot\alpha\)
d) \(\cot\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=-\tan\alpha\)
a)\(sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=cos\left[\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\right]=cos\left(-\alpha\right)=cos\alpha\).
b) \(cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=sin\left[\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)\right]=sin\left(-x\right)=-sinx\).
c) \(tan\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=\dfrac{sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)}{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{cos\alpha}{-sin\alpha}=-cot\alpha\).
d) \(cot\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)=\dfrac{cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)}{sin\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)}=\dfrac{-sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}=-tan\alpha\).
Cho tanα = 2. Tính P=\(\dfrac{\tan\left(8\pi-\alpha\right)+2\cot\left(\pi+\alpha\right)}{3\tan\left(\dfrac{3\pi}{2}+\alpha\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{tan\left(-a\right)+2\cdot cota}{3\cdot tan\left(\dfrac{pi}{2}+a\right)}=\dfrac{-tana+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}}{3\cdot\left(-cota\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2+1}{3\cdot\dfrac{-1}{2}}=-1:\dfrac{-3}{2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
nếu \(tan\alpha+cot\alpha=4\) thì \(tan^2\left(\alpha+3\pi\right)+tan^2\left(\alpha+\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)=?\)
\(\left(tana+cota\right)^2=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow tan^2a+cot^2a+2=16\)
\(\Rightarrow tan^2a+cot^2a=14\)
\(tan^2\left(a+3\pi\right)+tan^2\left(a+\frac{3\pi}{2}\right)=tan^2a+cot^2a=14\)
Cho tan \(\alpha\) + cot \(\alpha\) = 3 . Tìm tan anpha, cot anpha, sin anpha, cos anpha, cos (\(\frac{3\pi}{2}-\alpha\)), sin(\(2\pi+\alpha\)), tan\(\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\), cot\(\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\) . Với \(\alpha\) là góc nhọn
\(0< a< \frac{\pi}{2}\Rightarrow sina;cosa;tana>0\)
\(tana+\frac{1}{tana}=3\Leftrightarrow tan^2a-3tana+1=0\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}tana=\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\\tana=\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(tana=\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow cota=\frac{1}{tana}=\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
\(1+tan^2a=\frac{1}{cos^2a}\Rightarrow cosa=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+tan^2a}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{18-6\sqrt{5}}}\)
\(sina=\sqrt{1-cos^2a}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{18+6\sqrt{5}}}\)
\(cos\left(\frac{3\pi}{2}-a\right)=cos\left(2\pi-\frac{\pi}{2}-a\right)=-sina=...\)
\(sin\left(2\pi+a\right)=sina=...\)
\(tan\left(\pi-a\right)=-tana=...\)
\(cot\left(\pi+a\right)=cota=...\)
TH2: \(tana=\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
Tương tự như trên
Chứng minh các đẳng thức :
a) \(\tan3\alpha-\tan2\alpha-\tan\alpha=\tan\alpha\tan2\alpha\tan3\alpha\)
b) \(\dfrac{4\tan\alpha\left(1-\tan^2\alpha\right)}{\left(1+\tan^2\alpha\right)^2}=\sin4\alpha\)
c) \(\dfrac{1+\tan^4\alpha}{\tan^2\alpha+\cot^2\alpha}=\tan^2\alpha\)
d) \(\dfrac{\cos\alpha\sin\left(\alpha-3\right)-\sin\alpha\cos\left(\alpha-3\right)}{\cos\left(3-\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)-\dfrac{1}{2}\sin3}=-\dfrac{2\tan3}{\sqrt{3}}\)
a) \(tan3\alpha-tan2\alpha-tan\alpha=\left(tan3\alpha-tan\alpha\right)-tan2\alpha\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{sin3\alpha}{cos3\alpha}-\dfrac{sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}\right)-\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos2\alpha}\)\(=\dfrac{sin3\alpha cos\alpha-cos3\alpha sin\alpha}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha}-\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos2\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha}-\dfrac{sin2\alpha}{cos2\alpha}\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\left(\dfrac{1}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha}-\dfrac{1}{cos2\alpha}\right)\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\dfrac{cos2\alpha-cos3\alpha cos\alpha}{cos3\alpha cos\alpha cos2\alpha}\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\dfrac{cos2\alpha-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(cos4\alpha+cos2\alpha\right)}{cos3\alpha cos2\alpha cos\alpha}\)
\(=sin2\alpha.\dfrac{cos2\alpha-cos4\alpha}{2cos3\alpha cos2\alpha cos\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin2\alpha.2sin3\alpha.sin\alpha}{2cos3\alpha cos2\alpha cos\alpha}\)
\(=tan3\alpha tan2\alpha tan\alpha\) (Đpcm).
b) \(\dfrac{4tan\alpha\left(1-tan^2\alpha\right)}{\left(1+tan^2\right)^2}=4tan\alpha\left(1-tan^2\alpha\right):\left(\dfrac{1}{cos^2\alpha}\right)^2\)
\(=4tan\alpha\left(1-tan^2\alpha\right)cos^4\alpha\)
\(=4\dfrac{sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}\left(1-\dfrac{sin^2\alpha}{cos^2\alpha}\right)cos^4\alpha\)
\(=4sin\alpha\left(cos^2\alpha-sin^2\alpha\right)cos\alpha\)
\(=4sin\alpha cos\alpha.cos2\alpha\)
\(=2.sin2\alpha.cos2\alpha=sin4\alpha\) (Đpcm).
c) \(\dfrac{1+tan^4\alpha}{tan^2\alpha+cot\alpha}=\left(1+tan^4\alpha\right):\left(tan^2\alpha+cot^2\alpha\right)\)
\(=\left(1+\dfrac{sin^4\alpha}{cos^4\alpha}\right):\left(\dfrac{sin^2\alpha}{cos^2\alpha}+\dfrac{cos^2\alpha}{sin^2\alpha}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{sin^4\alpha+cos^4\alpha}{cos^4\alpha}:\dfrac{sin^4\alpha+cos^4\alpha}{cos^2\alpha sin^2\alpha}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin^2\alpha}{cos^2\alpha}=tan^2\alpha\) (Đpcm).
Chứng minh rằng các biểu thức sau là những hằng số không phụ thuộc \(\alpha,\beta\) :
a) \(\sin6\alpha\cot3\alpha-\cos6\alpha\)
b) \(\left[\tan\left(90^0-\alpha\right)-\cot\left(90^0+\alpha\right)\right]^2-\left[\cot\left(180^0+\alpha\right)+\cot\left(270^0+\alpha\right)\right]^2\)
c) \(\left(\tan\alpha-\tan\beta\right)\cot\left(\alpha-\beta\right)-\tan\alpha\tan\beta\)
d) \(\left(\cot\dfrac{\alpha}{3}-\tan\dfrac{\alpha}{3}\right)\tan\dfrac{2\alpha}{3}\)
a) \(sin6\alpha cot3\alpha cos6\alpha=2.sin3\alpha.cos3\alpha\dfrac{cos3\alpha}{sin3\alpha}-cos6\alpha\)
\(=2cos^23\alpha-\left(2cos^23\alpha-1\right)=1\) (Không phụ thuộc vào x).
b) \(\left[tan\left(90^o-\alpha\right)-cot\left(90^o+\alpha\right)\right]^2\)\(-\left[cot\left(180^o+\alpha\right)+cot\left(270^o+\alpha\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left[cot\alpha+cot\left(90^o-\alpha\right)\right]^2\)\(-\left[cot\alpha+cot\left(90^o+\alpha\right)\right]^2\)
\(=\left[cot\alpha+tan\alpha\right]^2-\left[cot\alpha-tan\alpha\right]^2\)
\(=4tan\alpha cot\alpha=4\). (Không phụ thuộc vào \(\alpha\)).
c) \(\left(tan\alpha-tan\beta\right)cot\left(\alpha-\beta\right)-tan\alpha tan\beta\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{sin\alpha}{cos\alpha}-\dfrac{sin\beta}{cos\beta}\right).\dfrac{cos\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}{sin\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}-tan\alpha tan\beta\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{sin\alpha cos\beta-cos\alpha sin\beta}{cos\alpha cos\beta}\right).\dfrac{cos\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}{sin\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}\)\(-\dfrac{sin\alpha sin\beta}{cos\alpha cos\beta}\)
\(=\dfrac{sin\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}{cos\alpha cos\beta}.\dfrac{cos\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}{sin\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}-\dfrac{sin\alpha sin\beta}{cos\alpha cos\beta}\)
\(=\dfrac{cos\left(\alpha-\beta\right)}{cos\alpha cos\beta}-\dfrac{sin\alpha sin\beta}{cos\alpha cos\beta}\)
\(=\dfrac{cos\alpha cos\beta+sin\alpha sin\beta-sin\alpha sin\beta}{cos\alpha cos\beta}=\dfrac{cos\alpha cos\beta}{cos\alpha cos\beta}=1\).
Hãy nêu định nghĩa \(\sin\alpha,\cos\alpha\) và giải thích vì sao ta có :
\(\sin\left(\alpha+k2\pi\right)=\sin\alpha;k\in Z\)
\(\cos\left(\alpha+k2\pi\right)=\cos\alpha;k\in Z\)
Trên đường tròn lượng giác trong mặt phẳng Oxy, lấy điểm A(1, 0) và điểm M(x,y) với số đo cung AM = α
y= cos AM ⇒ y = sin α
x= sin AM ⇒ x = sin α
Mà cung AM = α+k2π ; k ∈ Z
Nên
sin(α+k2π) = sin α; k ∈ Z
cos(α+k2π) = cos α; k ∈ Z
Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) \(\frac{1}{{\tan \alpha + 1}} + \frac{1}{{\cot \alpha + 1}}\)
b) \(\cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{2} - \alpha } \right) - \sin \left( {\pi + \alpha } \right)\)
c) \(\sin \left( {\alpha - \frac{\pi }{2}} \right) + \cos \left( { - \alpha + 6\pi } \right) - \tan \left( {\alpha + \pi } \right)\cot \left( {3\pi - \alpha } \right)\)
\(a,\dfrac{1}{tan\alpha+1}+\dfrac{1}{cot\alpha+1}\\ =\dfrac{cot\alpha+1+tan\alpha+1}{\left(tan\alpha+1\right)\left(cot\alpha+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{tan\alpha+cot\alpha+2}{tan\alpha\cdot cot\alpha+tan\alpha+cot\alpha+1}\\ =\dfrac{tan\alpha+cot\alpha+2}{tan\alpha+cot\alpha+2}\\ =1\)
\(b,cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)-sin\left(\pi+\alpha\right)\\ =sin\alpha+sin\alpha\\ =2sin\alpha\)
\(c,sin\left(\alpha-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+cos\left(-\alpha+6\pi\right)-tan\left(\alpha+\pi\right)cot\left(3\pi-\alpha\right)\\ =-sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)-tan\left(\alpha\right)cot\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\\ =-cos\left(\alpha\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)+tan\left(\alpha\right)\cdot cot\left(\alpha\right)\\ =1\)
Đơn giản các biểu thức sau:
G = \(cos\left(\alpha-5\pi\right)+sin\left(-\dfrac{3\pi}{2}+\alpha\right)-tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\alpha\right).cot\left(\dfrac{3\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)\)
H = \(cot\left(\alpha-2\pi\right).cos\left(\alpha-\dfrac{3\pi}{2}\right)+cos\left(\alpha-6\pi\right)-2sin\left(\alpha-\pi\right)\)
bài 1) ta có : \(G=cos\left(\alpha-5\pi\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{-3\pi}{2}+\alpha\right)-tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\alpha\right).cot\left(\dfrac{3\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)\)
\(G=cos\left(\alpha-\pi\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\alpha\right)-tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}+\alpha\right).cot\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)\)
\(G=cos\left(\pi-\alpha\right)+sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\left(-\alpha\right)\right)-tan\left(\pi+\alpha-\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right).cot\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)\) \(G=cos\left(\alpha\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)+tan\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right).cot\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\alpha\right)=2cos\alpha+1\) bài 2) ta có : \(H=cot\left(\alpha\right).cos\left(\alpha+\dfrac{\pi}{2}\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)-2sin\left(\alpha-\pi\right)\) \(H=cot\left(\alpha\right).cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{2}-\left(-\alpha\right)\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)+2sin\left(\pi-\alpha\right)\) \(H=-cot\left(\alpha\right).sin\left(\alpha\right)+cos\left(\alpha\right)+2sin\left(\alpha\right)\) \(H=-cos\alpha+cos\alpha+2sin\alpha=2sin\alpha\)