1) He is very tired. He has to finish his home work(but)

He is very tired but he has to finish his home work

2) The room is very small. It is quite comfortable(although)

Although the room is very small , it is quite comfortable

3) I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema(and)

I like watching TV and going to the cinema

4) He got wet. He forgot his umbrlle(therefore)

He forgot his umbrlle , therefore he got wet

5) She wears glasses. She want to see better(because)

She wears glasses , because she want to see better

6) We are saving money. We want to buy a new house(so)

We want to buy a new house so we are saving money

#Yumi

1. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

The student who sits next to me is from China.

2. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

I thanked the woman who had helped me.

3. The professor is excellent. I'm taking his course.

The professor whose course I am taking is excellent.

4. Jim passed the exam. This surprised everybody.

Jim passed the exam, which surprised everybody.

5. Mr Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him.

Mr. Smith, who I had come to see, said he was too busy to speak to me.

6. The man is my father. I respect this man most.

The man whom I respect most is my father.

7. The man is my father. I respect his opinions most.

The man whose opinions I respect most is my father.

8. I saw a lot of people and horses. They went to market.

I saw a lot of people and horses that went to market.

9. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married.

Tom has three sisters, all of whom are married.

10. I recently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl.

 I recently went back to Paris which is still as beautiful as a pearl.

11. I recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.

 I recently went back to Paris where I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago.

12. She is the most intelligent woman. I've ever met this woman.

She is the most intelligent woman whom I've ever met.

13. This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.

The doctor whom you visited yesterday is famous.

14. Do you know the music? It is being played on the radio.

Do you know the music which is being played on the radio.

15. The police want to know the hotel. Mr Foster stayed there two weeks ago.

The police want to know the hotel where Mr Foster stayed two weeks ago.

16. You didn't tell us the reason. We have to cut down our daily expenses for that reason.

You didn't tell us the reason why we have to cut down our daily expenses.

17. The day was rainy. She left on that day.

The day when she left was rainy.

18. The reason hasn't been told yet. The president will come to that city for this reason.

The reason why the president will come to that city hasn't been told yet.

19. Phuong Thao is a singer. You like her music best.

Phuong Thao, whose music you like best, is a singer. 

20. She couldn't come to the party. This is a pity.

She couldn't come to the party, which is a pity.

21. I've sent him two letters. He has received neither of them.

I've sent him two letters, neither of which he has received.

22. That man is an artist. I don't remember the man's name.

That man, whose name I don't remember, is an artist.

3. The reason is not valid. You gave it yesterday.

The reason which you gave yesterday is not valid. 

24. We enjoyed the city. We spent our vacation in this city.

We enjoyed the city where we spent our vacation.

25. One of the elephants had only one tusk. We saw these elephants at the zoo.

One of the elephants that we saw at the zoo had only one tusk. 

26. I looked at the moon. It was very bright that evening.

I looked at the moon which was very bright that evening.

27. My father goes swimming everyday. You met him this morning.

My father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday. 

8. That car belongs to Dr Clark. It's engine is very good.

That car, whose engine is very good, belongs to Dr Clark.

29. In the class there are 48 students. The teacher knows only a few of them.

In the class there are 48 students, only a few of whom the teacher knows.

30. The pupils haven't done their homework? It is too bad.

The pupils haven't done their homework, which is too bad.

My uncle is learning how to drive a car. Last week, he (1.have)__had___ his first lesson. Yesterday his teacher (2.take)__took___ him out on a busy road. It (3.be)___was____ full of cars and people. He(4.drive)__drove_____ very slowly and carefully, but he (5.feel)__felt_ afraid all the time. At last, the lesson(6.finish)_was finished____ and he (7.go)__went___ home. He (feel)__felt___ very tired. He has learned many things, but my uncle has still got a lot learn.

Give the correct verb tense of the verbs in brackets.

My uncle is learning how to drive a car. Last week, he (1.have)__had___ his first lesson. Yesterday his teacher (2.take)___took__ him out on a busy road. It (3.be)____was___ full of cars and people. He(4.drive)____drove___ very slowly and carefully, but he (5.feel)_felt__ afraid all the time. At last, the lesson(6.finish)__finished___ and he (7.go)__went___ home. He (feel)__felt___ very tired. He has learned many things, but my uncle has still got a lot learn

=> Enven though he was tired, he tried to fining all of his homework.

Ex1: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means exactly the same as the sentence before it:

1. Although she was not beautiful, she took part in a beauty contest.

-> She wasn't beautiful but she took part in a beauty contest.

2. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.

-> Since it was raining, we decided to postpone our camping.

3. She wants them to sing a song.

-> She suggests they should singing a song.

4. She couldn't come to class because of her illness.

-> As she was ill, she couldn't come to class.

5. She couldn't join us because she was busy.

-> She was busy, so she couldn't join us.

6. Because of having a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell the house.

-> As she had a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell house.

7. Shall we go to the cinema tonight ?

-> What about going to the cinema tonight?

8. They requested us to leave the place at once.

-> They suggested we leaving the place at once.

9. I stay at home because it is raining.

-> As it is raining, I stay at home.

10. She was tired and therefore wanted to go home.

-> She wanted to go home because of tiring

Ex2: Complete the sentences using and / but / so / or / because:

1. I like Linda very much ..but... I don't like her brother.

2. I'd like to live somewhere by the Mediterranean ..because... I love the Sun.

3. We enjoy learning English ....so..... we find it very difficult.

4. I can't go out tonight ....because..... I am short of money.

5. She went to the theatre last night ....and.... had a wonderful time.

6. They can't walk home ......because...... it is very dark.

7. Would you like to drink milk .....or....coffee ?

8. It's raining heavily, ....so.... I can't go out.

9. He did the tests well ...and...I did, too.

10. His life was hard ....but... he studied very well.

Ex3: Use connectives to combine each pair of the sentences:

1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)

-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.

2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)

-> Althought the room is small, it's quite comfortable.

3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)

-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.

4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)

-> Althought the trafic was terrible, our teacher didn't arive late.

5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)

-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.

6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)

-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.

Study well.

1. He is very tired. He has to finish his homework. (but)

-> He is very tired but he has to finish his homework.

2. The room is very small. It's quite comfortable. (although)

->Although the room is very small, It's quite comfortable.

3. They went for a walk. The weather was bad. (but)

-> The weather was bad but they went for a walk.

4. Our teacher didn't arrive late. The traffic was terrible. (although)

-> Although the traffic was terrible, our teacher didn't arrive late.

5. I like watching TV. I like going to the cinema. (and)

-> I like watching TV and going to the cinema.

6. She wears glasses. She wants to see better. (because)

-> She wears glasses because she wants to see better.

Ex1: Rewrite the following sentences so that the second sentence means exactly the same as the sentence before it:

1. Although she was not beautiful, she took part in a beauty contest.

-> She wasn't beautiful but she took part in a beauty contest .

2. It was raining, so we decided to postpone our camping.

-> Since It rained , we have decided to postpone our camping.

3. She wants them to sing a song.

-> She suggests they sing a song.

4. She couldn't come to class because of her illness.

-> As she was ill , she couldn't come to class .

5. She couldn't join with us because she was busy.

-> She was busy, so she couldn't join with us

6. Because of having a lot of difficulties, she managed to sell the house.

-> As she had a lot of difficulties , she managed to sell the house .

7. Shall we go to the cinema tonight ?

-> What about going to the cinema tonight?

8. They requested us to leave the place at once.

-> They suggested we leave the place at once.

9. I stay at home because it is raining.

-> As it is raining , I stay at home .

10. She was tired ;therefore she wanted to go home.

-> She wanted to go home because she was tired.

1. He didn't have enough money to buy this car.

2. He hasn't got enough time to finish this work.

3. She is patient enough to work with weak students.

4. You are strong enough to lift this table.

No matter how hard his life is, he is determined to study

Use" despite" to combine each pair of these sentences:

1. He often tells lies. Many people believe him.

→ Despite his lies, many people believe him.

2. She didn't eat much. She was hungry.

→ Despite being hungry, she didn't eat much.

3. He is over 60. He doesn't wear glasses.

→ Despite being over 60, he doesn't wear glasses.

4. It got dark. They continued to work.

→ Despite the fact that it got dark, they continued to work.

5. She kept on studying. It was noisy.

→ Despite the fact that it was noisy, she kept on studying.

6. He ate all the fruits. They were green.

→ He ate all the fruits despite the greeness of the fruits.

7. We could do the test. It was very diffcult.

→ We could do the test despite the difficult test.

8. He is very strong. I'm not afraid of him.

→ Despite his strength, I'm not afraid of him.

9. The plane took off. The weather was bad.

→ Despite the bad weather, the plane took off.

10. He didn't stop his car. The trafic lights turned red.

→ Despite the red traffic lights, he didn't stop his car.

Exercise 1: Using Present participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.

1.     Who saw the boy? He swam in the pool two hours ago.

……………………… Who saw the boy swimming in the pool two hours ago?

……………………………………………………………………..

2.     The man is a clown. He is trying to stand on a ball.

………………………………… The man trying to stand on a ball is a clown…………………………………………………………..

3.     The envelope has no stamp on it. It lies on the table.

……………………… The envelope lying on the table has no stamp on it……………………………………………………………………..

4.     My grandmother is old and sick. She never goes out of the house.

…………………………………… My grandmother never going out of the house is old and sick……………………………………………………..

5.     The street is very wide. It leads to the school.

……………………………… The street leading to the school is very wide……………………………………………………………..

6.     Mr. John is my friend. He teaches my son English.

………………………… Mr. John teaching my son English is my friend…………………………………………………………………..

7.     The students are sitting for the exam. They are from Singapore.

………………………………… The students sitting for the exam are from Singapore…………………………………………………………..

8.     The fence surrounds our house. It is made of wood.

………………………………… The fence surrounding our house is made of wood…………………………………………………………..

9.     The man works in this hospital. He can speak three foreign languages.

…………………………… The man working in this hospital can speak three foreign languages.………………………………………………………………..   

10. A bus goes to the airport. It runs every half an hour.

………………………………… A bus going to the airport runs every half an hour.…………………………………………………………..

Exercise 1: Using Present participle phrase to combine each pair of sentences into one.

1.     Who saw the boy swimming in the pool two hours ago.

2.     The man trying to stand on a ball is a clown

3.     The envelope lying on the table has no stamp on it.

4.     My grandmother never going out of the house.is old and sick.

5.     The street leading to the school is very wide.

6.     Mr. John teaching my son English is my friend. 

7.     The students sitting for the exam are from Singapore.

8.     The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.

9.     The man working in this hospital can speak three foreign languages.

10. A bus going to the airport runs every half an hour.

I. Combine each pair of sentences, using"so...that" or "such...that"

1. There was a lot of food. Everyone ate too much

there was such a lot of food that everyone ate too much

2. Tom is an intelligent boy. He is always at the top of his class

tom is such an intelligent boy that he is always at the tóp of his class

3. This is an expensive house. Nobody can buy it

this is such an expensive house that nobody can't buy it

4. The work is very hard. I can't finish it on time

the work is so hard that I can't finish it on time

5. This song is very simple. All of us can sing it

this song is so simple that all of us can sing it