\(\frac{sinA}{cosA}+\frac{sinB}{cosB}=\frac{2cos\frac{C}{2}}{sin\frac{C}{2}}\Leftrightarrow\frac{sinA.cosB+cosA.sinB}{cosA.cosB}=\frac{2sin\frac{C}{2}.cos\frac{C}{2}}{sin^2\frac{C}{2}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{sin\left(A+B\right)}{cosA.cosB}=\frac{2sinC}{1-cosC}\Leftrightarrow\frac{sinC}{cosA.cosB}=\frac{2sinC}{1-cosC}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-cosC=2cosA.cosB=cos\left(A+B\right)+cos\left(A-B\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1-cosC=-cosC+cos\left(A-B\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(A-B\right)=1\Rightarrow A-B=0\Rightarrow A=B\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Tam giác ABC cân tại C

\(\frac{cos^2A+cos^2B}{sin^2A+sin^2B}=\frac{1}{2}\left(cot^2A+cot^2B\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2A+2cos^2B=\left(sin^2A+sin^2B\right)\left(cot^2A+cot^2B\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2cos^2A+2cos^2B=cos^2A+cos^2B+sin^2A.cot^2B+sin^2B.cot^2A\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2A+cos^2B=\frac{sin^2A.cos^2B}{sin^2B}+\frac{sin^2B.cos^2A}{sin^2A}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos^2A\left(\frac{sin^2B}{sin^2A}-1\right)=cos^2B\left(1-\frac{sin^2A}{sin^2B}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{cos^2A\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)}{sin^2A}=\frac{cos^2B\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)}{sin^2B}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cot^2A\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)=cot^2B\left(sin^2B-sin^2A\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}sin^2B=sin^2A\\cot^2A=cot^2B\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow A=B\)

Vì 0<a,b<\(\frac{\pi}{2}\)nên tana,tanb>0 ⇒ tana+tanb>0

ta có tan(a+b)=\(\frac{tana+tanb}{1-tana.tanb}\) ⇔tana+tanb=tan(a+b)(1-3+2\(\sqrt{2}\))

⇔tana+tanb=tan(\(\frac{\pi}{4}\)).(-2+2\(\sqrt{2}\))=-2+2\(\sqrt{2}\)(thỏa)

ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}tana.tanb=3-2\sqrt{2}\\tana+tanb=-2+2\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

áp đụng hệ thức Vi-et đảo ta có: tana và tanb là hai nghiệm của phương trình: X²+(2-2\(\sqrt{2}\))X+3-2\(\sqrt{2}\)=0

bấm máy giải phương trình trên ta được 2 nghiệm x₁,x₂

Vậy (tana;tanb)=(x₁;x₂) hoặc (x₂;x₁) và tana.tanb=3-2\(\sqrt{2}\)

\(\dfrac{\tan A}{\tan B}=\dfrac{\sin A}{\cos A}.\dfrac{\cos B}{\sin B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{a.\sin B}{b}\left(\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{2ac}\right)}{\dfrac{b^2+c^2-a^2}{2bc}.\sin B}=\dfrac{\dfrac{\sin B.\left(a^2+c^2-b^2\right)}{2bc}}{\dfrac{\sin B.\left(b^2+c^2-a^2\right)}{2bc}}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2-b^2}{b^2+c^2-a^2}\)

Lời giải:

a)

\(\frac{\cos (a-b)}{\cos (a+b)}=\frac{\cos a\cos b+\sin a\sin b}{\cos a\cos b-\sin a\sin b}=\frac{\frac{\cos a\cos b}{\sin a\sin b}+1}{\frac{\cos a\cos b}{\sin a\sin b}-1}=\frac{\cot a\cot b+1}{\cot a\cot b-1}\)

b)

\(2(\sin ^6a+\cos ^6a)+1=2(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)(\sin ^4a-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a+\cos ^4a)+1\)

\(=2(\sin ^4a-\sin ^2a\cos ^2a+\cos ^4a)+1\)

\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a+2\sin ^2a\cos ^2a)+1\)

\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)^2+1\)

\(=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)-1^2+1=3(\sin ^4a+\cos ^4a)\)

c)

\(\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{cot b-\cot a}=\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\frac{1}{\tan b}-\frac{1}{\tan a}}\) (nhớ rằng \(\tan x.\cot x=1\rightarrow \cot x=\frac{1}{\tan x}\) )

\(=\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\frac{\tan a-\tan b}{\tan a\tan b}}=\tan a\tan b\)

d)

\((\cot x+\tan x)^2-(\cot x-\tan x)^2=(\cot ^2x+\tan ^2x+2\cot x\tan x)-(\cot ^2x-2\cot x\tan x+\tan ^2x)\)

\(=4\cot x\tan x=4.1=4\)

e)

\(\frac{\sin ^3a+\cos ^3a}{\sin a+\cos a}=\frac{(\sin a+\cos a)(\sin ^2a-\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a)}{\sin a+\cos a}\)

\(=\sin ^2a-\sin a\cos a+\cos ^2a=(\sin ^2a+\cos ^2a)-\sin a\cos a=1-\sin a\cos a\)

Vậy ta có đpcm.

Câu a)

Ta sử dụng 2 công thức:

\(\bullet \tan (180-\alpha)=-\tan \alpha\)

\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha.\tan \beta}\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(\text{VT}=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C=\tan A+\tan B+\tan (180-A-B)\)

\(=\tan A+\tan B-\tan (A+B)=\tan A+\tan B-\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\)

\(=(\tan A+\tan B)\left(1+\frac{1}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\right)=(\tan A+\tan B).\frac{-\tan A.\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}\)

\(=-\tan A.\tan B.\frac{\tan A+\tan B}{1-\tan A.\tan B}=-\tan A.\tan B.\tan (A+B)\)

\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan (180-A-B)\)

\(=\tan A.\tan B.\tan C=\text{VP}\)

Do đó ta có đpcm

Tam giác $ABC$ có ba góc nhọn nên \(\tan A, \tan B, \tan C>0\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(P=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\tan A.\tan B.\tan C}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P=\tan A+\tan B+\tan C\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\tan A+\tan B+\tan C}\)

\(\Rightarrow P\geq 3\sqrt[3]{P}\)

\(\Rightarrow P^3\geq 27P\Leftrightarrow P(P^2-27)\geq 0\)

\(\Rightarrow P^2-27\geq 0\Rightarrow P\geq 3\sqrt{3}\)

Vậy \(P_{\min}=3\sqrt{3}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^0\)

Câu b)

Ta sử dụng 2 công thức chính:

\(\bullet \tan (\alpha+\beta)=\frac{\tan \alpha+\tan \beta}{1-\tan \alpha.\tan \beta}\)

\(\bullet \tan (90-\alpha)=\frac{1}{\tan \alpha}\)

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

\(\text{VT}=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}.\tan \frac{C}{2}+\tan \frac{C}{2}.\tan \frac{A}{2}\)

\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan \frac{C}{2}(\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2})\)

\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\tan (90-\frac{A+B}{2})(\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2})\)

\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{\tan (\frac{A+B}{2})}\)

\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{\frac{\tan \frac{A}{2}+\tan \frac{B}{2}}{1-\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}}}\)

\(=\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}+1-\tan \frac{A}{2}.\tan \frac{B}{2}=1=\text{VP}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Cũng giống phần a, ta biết do ABC là tam giác nhọn nên

\(\tan A, \tan B, \tan C>0\)

Đặt \(\tan A=x, \tan B=y, \tan C=z\). Ta có: \(xy+yz+xz=1\)

Và \(T=x+y+z\)

\(\Rightarrow T^2=x^2+y^2+z^2+2(xy+yz+xz)\)

Theo hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT Cauchy:

\(x^2+y^2+z^2\geq xy+yz+xz\)

\(\Rightarrow T^2\geq 3(xy+yz+xz)=3\)

\(\Rightarrow T\geq \sqrt{3}\Leftrightarrow T_{\min}=\sqrt{3}\)

Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\Leftrightarrow \angle A=\angle B=\angle C=60^0\)

Câu a)

Ta sử dụng 2 công thức:

∙tan(180−α)=−tanα∙tan⁡(180−α)=−tan⁡α

∙tan(α+β)=tanα+tanβ1−tanα.tanβ∙tan⁡(α+β)=tan⁡α+tan⁡β1−tan⁡α.tan⁡β

Áp dụng vào bài toán:

VT=tanA+tanB+tanC=tanA+tanB+tan(180−A−B)VT=tan⁡A+tan⁡B+tan⁡C=tan⁡A+tan⁡B+tan⁡(180−A−B)

=tanA+tanB−tan(A+B)=tanA+tanB−tanA+tanB1−tanA.tanB=tan⁡A+tan⁡B−tan⁡(A+B)=tan⁡A+tan⁡B−tan⁡A+tan⁡B1−tan⁡A.tan⁡B

=(tanA+tanB)(1+11−tanA.tanB)=(tanA+tanB).−tanA.tanB1−tanA.tanB=(tan⁡A+tan⁡B)(1+11−tan⁡A.tan⁡B)=(tan⁡A+tan⁡B).−tan⁡A.tan⁡B1−tan⁡A.tan⁡B

=−tanA.tanB.tanA+tanB1−tanA.tanB=−tanA.tanB.tan(A+B)=−tan⁡A.tan⁡B.tan⁡A+tan⁡B1−tan⁡A.tan⁡B=−tan⁡A.tan⁡B.tan⁡(A+B)

=tanA.tanB.tan(180−A−B)=tan⁡A.tan⁡B.tan⁡(180−A−B)

=tanA.tanB.tanC=VP=tan⁡A.tan⁡B.tan⁡C=VP

Do đó ta có đpcm

Tam giác ABCABC có ba góc nhọn nên tanA,tanB,tanC>0tan⁡A,tan⁡B,tan⁡C>0

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:

P=tanA+tanB+tanC≥33√tanA.tanB.tanCP=tan⁡A+tan⁡B+tan⁡C≥3tan⁡A.tan⁡B.tan⁡C3

⇔P=tanA+tanB+tanC≥33√tanA+tanB+tanC⇔P=tan⁡A+tan⁡B+tan⁡C≥3tan⁡A+tan⁡B+tan⁡C3

⇒P≥33√P⇒P≥3P3

⇒P3≥27P⇔P(P2−27)≥0⇒P3≥27P⇔P(P2−27)≥0

⇒P2−27≥0⇒P≥3√3⇒P2−27≥0⇒P≥33

Vậy Pmin=3√3Pmin=33. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi ∠A=∠B=∠C=600

Bài 14.

Áp dụng định lí hàm số Cô sin, ta có:

\(\dfrac{{{\mathop{\rm tanA}\nolimits} }}{{\tan B}} = \dfrac{{\sin A.\cos B}}{{\cos A.\sin B}} = \dfrac{{\dfrac{a}{{2R}}.\dfrac{{{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}}}{{2ac}}}}{{\dfrac{b}{{2R}}.\dfrac{{{c^2} + {b^2} - {a^2}}}{{2bc}}}} = \dfrac{{{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}}}{{{c^2} + {b^2} - {a^2}}} \)

Bài 19.

Áp dụng định lí sin và định lí Cô sin, ta có:

\( \cot A + \cot B + \cot C\\ = \dfrac{{R\left( {{b^2} + {c^2} - {a^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} + \dfrac{{R\left( {{c^2} + {a^2} - {b^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} + \dfrac{{R\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} - {c^2}} \right)}}{{abc}} = \dfrac{{R\left( {{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2}} \right)}}{{abc}}\left( {dpcm} \right) \)

Bài 16.

Đối với tam giác ABC ta có: \(S = \dfrac{1}{2}ab\sin C = \dfrac{1}{2}{h_C}.c = \dfrac{{abc}}{{4R}} \)

Ta suy ra \({h_c} = \dfrac{{ab}}{{2R}} \). Tương tự ta có \({h_b} = \dfrac{{ac}}{{2R}},{h_a} = \dfrac{{bc}}{{2R}} \)

Do đó:

\(\dfrac{1}{{{h_b}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{h_c}}} = 2R\left( {\dfrac{1}{{ac}} + \dfrac{1}{{ab}}} \right) = 2R\dfrac{{b + c}}{{abc}}\ \)mà $b + c = 2a$

Nên \(\dfrac{1}{{{h_b}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{h_c}}} = \dfrac{{2R.2a}}{{abc}} = \dfrac{{2R.2}}{{bc}} = \dfrac{2}{{{h_a}}} \)

Vậy \(\dfrac{2}{{{h_a}}} = \dfrac{1}{{{h_b}}} + \dfrac{1}{{{h_c}}} \)