a. PTHH:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

Cu + H₂SO₄ ---x--->

b. Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{Cu}=10-5,4=4,6\left(g\right)\)

c. \(\%_{m_{Al}}=\dfrac{5,4}{10}.100\%=54\%\)

\(\%_{m_{Cu}}=100\%-54\%=46\%\)

d. Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.98=29,4\left(g\right)\)

Ta có: \(C_{\%_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29,4}{m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}}.100\%=20\%\)

=> \(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=147\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4(g)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Cu}=10-5,4=4,6(g)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{10}.100\%=54\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-54\%=46\%\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3(mol)\Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{20\%}=147(g)\)

a, Ta có: 27n_Al + 56n_Fe = 0,83 (1)

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}+n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{Fe}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,01.27}{0,83}.100\%\approx32,53\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, n_H2SO4 = n_H2 = 0,025 (mol)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,025.98}{20\%}=12,25\left(g\right)\)

a) Đặt: nZn=x(mol); nFe= y(mol) (x,y: nguyên, dương)

Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2

x_______x_______x________x

Fe + H2SO4 -> FeSO4 + H2

y____y_________y___y(mol)

b) m(rắn)=mCu=3(g)

=> m(Zn, Fe)= 21,6 - 3= 18,6(g)

Ta có hpt:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}65x+56y=18,6\\22,4x+22,4y=6,72\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

=> Zn= 65.0,2=13(g)

=>%mZn= (13/21,6).100=60,185%

%mCu=(3/21,6).100=13,889%

=>%mFe=25,926%

c) nH2SO4=x+y=0,3(mol) =>mH2SO4=29,4(g)

=> mddH2SO4= (29,4.100)/25=117,6(g)

a) Sửa đề: dd H₂SO₄ 9,8%

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,35\cdot2=0,7\left(g\right)\)

Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35\cdot98}{9,8\%}=350\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{KL}+m_{H_2SO_4}-m_{H_2}=361,6\left(g\right)\)

b) Tương tự câu a

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ ---> Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

0,2<-----0,3<-----------0,1-------------0,3

Cu + 2H₂SO₄ ---> CuSO₄ + SO₂ + 2H₂O

0,1<---------------------------------0,1

\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{11,8}.100\%=45,76\%\\\%m_{Cu}=100\%-45,76\%=54,24\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(m_{ddA}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{20\%}+5,4-0,3.2=151,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{151,8}.100\%=22,53\%\)

tk:

a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe + H₂SO₄ --> FeSO₄ + H₂

_____0,3<---0,3<------------------0,3

=> m_Fe = 0,3.56 = 16,8(g)

=> m_{rắn còn lại} = m_Cu = 29,6-16,8 = 12,8 (g)

b) \(V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{1}=0,3\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ag}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow27x+108y=4,2\left(1\right)\)

\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

0,1                           0,05           0,15

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1\cdot27=2,7g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Ag}=4,2-2,7=1,5g\)

a)\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{4,2}\cdot100\%=64,28\%\)

\(\%m_{Ag}=100\%-64,28\%=35,72\%\)

b)\(m_{muối}=0,05\cdot342=17,1g\)